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Calibration of γ-ray energy in an extensive air shower using the YangBaJing hybrid Array

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Abstract

The observation of γ-ray sources above 100 TeV is one of the most intriguing fields in the investigation of the origin of cosmic rays. The YangBaJing Hybrid Array (YBJ-HA) experiment consist of scintillation detectors and underground muon detectors, the main objective is to measure gamma rays >10 TeV. In this study, we investigated an energy estimation method based on particle density and fixed distance from the shower axis by conducting a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of an extensive air shower using the YBJ-HA in Tibet. By comparing the results of the new method with those of other previously used estimators, we found that the new method can effectively improve the energy resolution of gamma rays. At an energy of 100 TeV for a zenith angle θ < 30°, the new energy estimation method has an improvement about 10% compared for the other estimators.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the support of Cheng Liu,Yiqing Guo and Youliang Feng in the installation, debugging, and maintenance of the detectors. We also thank the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Tibet University.

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Funding

This work is supported in China by the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) (grant number11765019, 11963004, 11873005, 12047575), and Cultivation Foundation of Tibet University (grant number ZDTSJH19-13), and Funding support for the first-class discipline construction of Tibet University in 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science School, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China

    Qi Gao, Maoyuan Liu,  Tianlu Chen,  Danzengluobu, Shuaikang Ma & Dixuan Xiao

  2. Key Laboratory of Comic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China

    Qi Gao, Maoyuan Liu,  Tianlu Chen,  Danzengluobu, Shuaikang Ma & Dixuan Xiao

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  1. Qi Gao
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  2. Maoyuan Liu
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  3. Tianlu Chen
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  4. Danzengluobu
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  5. Shuaikang Ma
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  6. Dixuan Xiao
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Correspondence to Maoyuan Liu.

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Gao, Q., Liu, M., Chen, . et al. Calibration of γ-ray energy in an extensive air shower using the YangBaJing hybrid Array. Exp Astron 52, 35–43 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09780-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09780-2

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