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Local-scale environmental filtering shape plant taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in an isolated Amazonian tepui (Tepequém table mountain)

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Abstract

Understanding how environmental drivers induce changes in plant composition and diversity across evolutionary time can provide important insights into community assembly mechanisms. We evaluated how taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and structure of plant communities change along a local-scale edaphic and elevational gradient in the Tepequém table mountain, Brazilian Amazon. We selected three phytophysiognomies along the altitudinal gradient: Open Rupestrian Grassland, Shrubby Rupestrian Grassland, and Forest. We compared community composition and taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity between phytophysiognomies, and analysed effects of altitude and soil properties on species richness and phylogenetic metrics using linear mixed-effects models. The highest species richness and phylogenetic diversity were found at a lower elevation for Forest. All standardised phylogenetic metrics were significantly lower in Shrubby Rupestrian Grassland. This phytophysiognomy showed phylogenetic clustering. Forest showed a cluster pattern when only terminal nodes are considered and random dispersion to deep phylogenetic nodes. Open Rupestrian Grassland also showed a random phylogenetic structure. The linear mixed-effects models showed that species richness and different phylogenetic structure metrics were explained by altitude and soil properties. Our study revealed that key plant diversity dimensions (i.e. taxonomic and phylogenetic) are shaped by a local-scale edaphic and elevational gradient on an isolated tepui of Brazilian Amazonian.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for granting a scholarship to the first author. The last author received PDJ scholarships from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Prímula Viana Campos

  2. Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer

  3. Laboratório de Macroecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, MS, 7980-000, Brazil

    Vanessa Pontara

  4. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, 39404-547, Brazil

    Márcio Venícius Barbosa Xavier

  5. Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil

    José Frutuoso do Vale Júnior

  6. Instituto de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil

    Guilherme Resende Corrêa

  7. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Pedro Manuel Villa

  8. Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Mérida, 7101, Venezuela

    Pedro Manuel Villa

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  1. Prímula Viana Campos
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  2. Carlos Ernesto G. R. Schaefer
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  3. Vanessa Pontara
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Contributions

PVC, CEGRS, VP and PMV conceived the idea and designed methodology. PVC, MVBX, JFVJ and GRC collected the samples. PVC, VP and PMV analyzed the taxonomic and phylogenetic data. PVC wrote of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

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Correspondence to Prímula Viana Campos.

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Campos, P.V., Schaefer, C.E.G.R., Pontara, V. et al. Local-scale environmental filtering shape plant taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in an isolated Amazonian tepui (Tepequém table mountain). Evol Ecol 36, 55–73 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-021-10141-w

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