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Dissecting the inheritance pattern of the anemone flower type and tubular floral traits of chrysanthemum in segregating F1 populations

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Abstract

The anemone type, featuring prominent and colored in tubular florets, is an attractive flower shape in chrysanthemums and, thus, desired by breeders and consumers. Understanding the genetic basis of anemone type flowers in chrysanthemum is crucial for breeding success. The current study conducted nine cross combinations from seven parents to investigate segregation patterns, parental effect, and the relationships between the heterosis of six tubular floral traits and parental genetic distance. Significant (P < 0.05) differences among the parents and crosses in various tubular floral traits and transgressive segregation was observed in both directions for most traits. The broad-sense heritability of the tubular floral traits varied from h 2B

 = 0.47 to 0.92 across different crosses. The considerable variation occurred for almost floral traits, thus indicating the substantial potential for selecting lines with the desirable traits. The segregation ratio of anemone to non-anemone followed 3:1 in anemone × anemone crosses and 1:3 in either non-anemone × anemone or anemone × non-anemone crosses, except for two reciprocal crosses derived from the parents ‘Nannong Xuefeng’ and ‘QX096’. The F1 hybrids’ performance was more inclined towards a vulnerable parent and involved less influence of maternal or paternal effects, displaying some extended declines and negative mid-parent heterosis (MPH). The phenotypic genetic distance was significantly negatively correlated with MPH for floral traits except for style length and disk flower diameter. In contrast, we observed no significant correlation between molecular marker-based genetic distance and MPH for all floral characteristics. The findings of the current work provide insights into the complex inheritance pattern of flower types and help achieve desirable improvement in anemone type chrysanthemums.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1200500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370699), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-23-A18), and the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System (JATS[2022]459).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaodong Yang, Jiangshuo Su, Yixin Qu, Jiafu Jiang, Zhiyong Guan, Weimin Fang, Fadi Chen & Fei Zhang

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  1. Xiaodong Yang
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  2. Jiangshuo Su
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Contributions

FZ and WF conceived and designed the project, FC, JJ, and ZG provided the materials, XY, JS, and YQ conducted experiments, XY and FZ analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fei Zhang.

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Supplementary Information

10681_2022_3141_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Table S1 Estimates of genetic distances based on phenotypic (upper diagonal) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (lower diagonal) data for all pairwise combinations of seven parental genotypes (DOCX 14 kb)

Fig. S1 Box-plot showed the genetic variation of six floral traits in three pairs of reciprocal crosses (TIF 4409 kb)

10681_2022_3141_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Fig. S2 UPGMA dendrogram of seven parental chrysanthemum cultivars based on morphology traits (A) and SNPs marker (B) (TIF 797 kb)

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Yang, X., Su, J., Qu, Y. et al. Dissecting the inheritance pattern of the anemone flower type and tubular floral traits of chrysanthemum in segregating F1 populations. Euphytica 219, 16 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-022-03141-6

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