Abstract
Seed weevils (bruchids) are major insect pests infecting vetch seeds in the field and reducing seed yield and quality. However, the factors contributing to bruchid resistance in vetches have not been studied. Ten vetch accessions [three Vicia sativa subsp. sativa, one V. sativa subsp. macrocarpa, four V. sativa subsp. nigra, one V. hybrida, and one V. pannonica] were tested for two growth seasons under field conditions aiming to study their differences in bruchid resistance. Various traits [ecological (flowering time), morphological (pods per stem, seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight), seed mechanical (seed softness) and chemical traits (protein concentration, total phenols, flavonoids, total tannins, condensed tannins, seed coat color)] were also determined. Small, hard and rich in protein seeds of V. sativa subsp. nigra were the most resistant to bruchid infection (0.17–0.84%) in contrast to the soft- and large-seeded V. hybrida and V. pannonica (5.34–7.50%). Seed size seemed to relate with bruchid resistance and thus, pods containing more but smaller seeds showed lower levels of infection. However, 1000-seed weight, a surrogate of seed size, did not associate with bruchid resistance. Bruchids preferred seeds with high protein contents (2.93–20.70 mg per seed) but not those with high protein concentrations (23.8–31.1%). The levels of parasitism of bruchids (0.0–2.0%) by the braconid wasp Triaspis thoracicus were negatively affected by the concentration of phenolics and tannins in seeds. Seed coat color, assessed using L*a*b* scale, associated with the levels of parasitism. Moreover, seed coat color also related with traits (e.g., seed protein content, number of seeds per pod) connected to bruchid resistance. L*a*b* scale could be exploited as a tool for selection of vetch genotypes resistant to seed weevil.
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We thank Mr. D. Fotakidis and Mrs. M. Karayianni for their help during the course of field experimentation.
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Tsialtas, I.Τ., Irakli, M. & Lazaridou, A. Traits related to bruchid resistance and its parasitoid in vetch seeds. Euphytica 214, 238 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2315-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-018-2315-z