Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A candidate flowering gene in mungbean is homologous to a soybean Phytochrome A gene

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Flowering in mungbean is irregular, resulting in asynchronous pod maturity that necessitates multiple harvests per crop and increases time and labor costs. Control of flowering time is essential for increasing mungbean yield; however, few studies to date have examined quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with flowering time in mungbean. Here, a genetic map was constructed by genotyping-by-sequencing in an F6 population of 190 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between VC1973A and V2984. In total, 1321 SNP markers were incorporated into 11 linkage groups. Days-to-first-flowering (DFF) and days-to-flowering (DF) were determined, and QTL analysis was performed. A QTL for both DFF and DF was detected on chromosome 3 (Chr3) with LOD scores of 15.8 and 18.7, respectively. Flowering-related QTLs and genes are well-studied in soybean. Syntenic analysis between mungbean and soybean revealed synteny of the mungbean Chr3 region with a soybean region containing QTLs for first flower that mapped to key flowering genes encoding phytochrome A (PHYA). A candidate flowering gene, Vradi03g07170 (VrPHYA), homologous to soybean PHYA, was identified in the Chr3 syntenic block. In summary, mungbean flowering QTLs were identified on a high-density genetic map and a candidate flowering gene was discovered that will be highly helpful for controlling flowering time in a mungbean breeding program.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe J, Xu D, Miyano A, Komatsu K, Kanazawa A, Shimamoto Y (2003) Photoperiod-insensitive Japanese soybean landraces differ at two maturity loci. Crop Sci 43:1300–1304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard RL (1971) Two major genes for time of flowering and maturity in soybeans. Crop Sci 11:242–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonato ER, Vello NA (1999) E6, a dominant gene conditioning early flowering and maturity in soybeans. Genet Mol Biol 22:229–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buzzel RI (1971) Inheritance of a soybean flowering response to fluorescent-daylength conditions. Can J Genet Cytol 13:703–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buzzel RI, Voldeng HD (1980) Inheritance of insensitivity to long day length. Soybean Genet Newsl 7:26–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Chankaew S, Somta P, Sorajjapinun W, Srinives P (2011) Quantitative trait loci mapping of Cercospora leaf spot resistance in mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Mol Breed 28:255–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cober ER, Voldeng HD (2001) A new soybean maturity and photoperiod-sensitivity locus linked to E1 and T. Crop Sci 41:698–701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cober ER, Molnar SJ, Charette M, Voldeng HD (2010) A new locus for early maturity in soybean. Crop Sci 50:524–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fakir MSA, Mondal MMA, Ismail MR, Ashrafuzzaman M (2011) Flowering pattern and reproductive efficiency in mungbean. Int J Agric Biol 13:966–970

    Google Scholar 

  • Gepts P, Beavis WD, Brummer EC, Shoemaker RC, Stalker HT, Weeden NF, Young ND (2005) Legumes as a model plant family. Genomics for food and feed. Report of the Cross-legume Advances Through Genomics Conference. Plant Phys 137:1228–1235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham PH, Vance CP (2003) Legumes: importance and constraints to greater use. Plant Physiol 131:872–877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hong EH, Lee YH, Kim SD, Hwang YH, Moon YH, Ham YS (1983) New disease resistant and high yielding mungbean variety “Seonhwanogdu”. Res Rep 25:178–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphry ME, Lambrides CJ, Chapman SC, Aitken EAB, Imrie BC et al (2005) Relationships between hard-seededness and seed weight in mungbean (Vigna radiata) assessed by QTL analysis. Plant Breed 124:292–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isemura T, Kaga A, Tabata S, Somta P, Srinives P, Shimizu T, Jo U, Vaughan DA, Tomooka N (2012) Construction of a genetic linkage map and genetic analysis of domestication related traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata). PLoS ONE 7:e41304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Isobe K, Kokubun M, Tsuboki Y (1995) Effects of soybean raceme-order on pod set and seed growth in three cultivars. Jpn J Crop Sci 64:281–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain M, Misra G, Patel RK, Priya P, Jhanwar S, Khan AW, Shah N, Singh VK, Garg R et al (2013) A draft genome sequence of the pulse crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant J 74:715–729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joehanes R, Nelson JC (2008) QGene 4.0, an extensible Java QTL-analysis platform. Bioinformatics 24:2788–2789

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang YJ, Kim SK, Kim MY et al (2014) Genome sequence of mungbean and insights into evolution within Vigna species. Nat Commun 5:5443

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim MY, Shin JH, Kang YJ, Shim SR, Lee SH (2012) Divergence of flowering genes in soybean. J Biosci 37:857–870

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim MY, Kang YJ, Lee T, Lee SH (2013) Divergence of flowering-related genes in three legume species. Plant Gen. doi:10.3835/plantgenome2013.03.0008

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SK, Lee T, Kang YJ, Hwang WJ, Kim KH, Moon JK, Kim MY, Lee SH (2014) Genome-wide comparative analysis of flowering genes between Arabidopsis and mungbean. Genes Genom 36:799–808. doi:10.1007/s13258-014-0215-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosambi DD (1944) The estimation of map distance from recombination values. Ann Eugen 12:172–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari P, Verma SK (1983) Genotypic differences in flower production, shedding and yield in mungbean. J Agric Sci 99:219–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda T, Saitoh K, Mahmood T, Yanagawa K (1998) Differences in flowering habit between determinate and indeterminate types of soybean. Plant Prod Sci 1:18–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambrides CJ, Godwin ID (2007) Mungbean. In: Kole C (ed) Pulses, sugar and tuber crops, vol 3., Series: Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plantsSpringer, Berlin, pp 69–90

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lambrides CJ, Godwin ID, Lawn RJ, Imrie BC (2004) Segregation distortion for seed testa color in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). J Hered 95:532–535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Kanazawa A, Matsumura H, Takahashi R, Harada K, Abe J (2008) Genetic redundancy in soybean photoresponses associated with duplication of phytochrome A gene. Genetics 180:995–1007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Kim MY, Kang YJ, Van K, Lee Y-H, Srinives P, Yuan DL, Lee S-H (2011) QTL identification of flowering time at three different latitudes reveals homeologous genomic regions that control flowering in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 123(4):545–553

  • McBlain BA, Bernard RL (1987) A new gene affecting the time of flowering and maturity in soybean. J Hered 78:160–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mei L, Cheng XZ, Wang SH, Wang LX, Liu CY et al (2009) Relationship between bruchid resistance and seed mass in mungbean based on QTL analysis. Genome 52:589–596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar SJ, Rai S, Charette M, Cober ER (2003) Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to E1, E3, E4, and E7 maturity genes in soybean. Genome 46:1024–1036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal MMA (2007) A study of source-sink relation in mungbean. Dissertation, Bangladesh Agricultural University

  • Mondal MMA, Hamid MA (1998) Flowering pattern and reproductive efficiency in 30 groundnut mutants. Bangladesh J Nucl Agri 14:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondal MMA, Fakir MSA, Juraimi AS, Hakim MA, Islam MM, Shamsuddoha ATM (2011a) Effects of flowering behavior and pod maturity synchrony on yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Aust J Crop Sci 5:945–953

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondal MMA, Akter MB, Rahman MA, Fakir MSA (2011b) Effect of foliar application of nitrogen on growth and yield in mungbean. Legume Res 34:166

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondal MMA, Puteh AB, Malek MA, Ismail, Rafii MY, Latif MA (2012) Seed yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in relation to growth and developmental aspects. Sci World J 212:425168

    Google Scholar 

  • Ono N, Ishida K, Yamashino T, Nakanishi H, Sato S, Tabata S, Mizuno T (2010) Genomewide characterization of the light-responsive and clock-controlled output pathways in Lotus japonicus with special emphasis of its uniqueness. Plant Cell Physiol 51:1800–1814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sato S, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T, Asamizu E, Kato T, Nakao M, Sasamoto S, Watanabe A, Ono A, Kawashima K et al (2008) Genome structure of the legume, Lotus japonicus. DNA Res 15:227–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schmutz J, Cannon SB, Schlueter J, Ma J, Mitros T, Nelson W, Hyten DL, Song Q, Thelen JJ, Cheng J, Xu D, Hellsten U, May GD, Yu Y, Sakurai T et al (2010) Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean. Nature 463:178–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugasundaram S, Keatinge JDH, Hughes J (2009) Counting on beans: mungbean improvement in Asia. In: Spielman DJ, Pandya-Lorch R (eds) Millions fed: proven successes in agricultural development. IFPRI, Washington DC, pp 103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson GG, Dean C (2002) Arabidopsis, the Rosetta stone of flowering time? Science 296:285–289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Varshney RK, Chen W, Li Y, Bharti AK, Saxena RK, Schlueter JA, Donoghue MT, Azam S, Fan G, Whaley AM, Farmer AD, Sheridan J, Iwata A, Tuteja R, Penmetsa RV et al (2012) Draft genome sequence of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), an orphan legume crop of resource-poor farmers. Nat Biotechnol 30:83–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Tang H, Debarry JD, Tan X, Li J, Wang X, Lee TH, Jin H, Marler B, Guo H, Kissinger JC, Paterson AH (2012) MCScanX: a toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity. Nucleic Acids Res 40:e49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe S, Hideshima R, Xia Z, Tsubokura Y, Sato S, Nakamoto Y, Yamanaka N, Takahashi R, Ishimoto M, Anai T, Tabata S, Harada K (2009) Map-based cloning of the gene associated with the soybean maturity locus E3. Genetics 182:1251–1261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanaka N, Ninomiya S, Hoshi M, Tsubokura Y, Yano M, Nagamura Y, Sasaki T, Harada K (2001) An informative linkage map of soybean reveals QTLs for flowering time, leaflet morphology and regions of segregation distortion. DNA Res 8:61–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young ND, Debellé F, Oldroyd GE, Geurts R, Cannon SB, Udvardi MK, Benedito VA, Mayer KF, Gouzy J, Schoof H, Van de Peer Y, Proost S, Cook DR et al (2011) The Medicago genome provides insight into the evolution of rhizobial symbioses. Nature 480:520–524

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li H, Gao Y, Li Y, Wu X, Teng W, Han Y, Zhao X, Li W (2013) GmGBP1, a homolog of human ski interacting protein in soybean, regulates flowering and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol 13:21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through the Agri-Bio Industry Technology Development Program, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (114054-3), Republic of Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Rm. 4105 Bldg. 200 CALS, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Won Joo Hwang, Jungmin Ha, Taeyoung Lee, Haneul Jeong, Moon Young Kim, Sue K. Kim, Yeong-Ho Lee & Suk-Ha Lee

  2. CJ Food R&D, Suwon, 16495, Republic of Korea

    Won Joo Hwang & Ji Won Jung

  3. Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Jungmin Ha, Moon Young Kim & Suk-Ha Lee

Authors
  1. Won Joo Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jungmin Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Taeyoung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Haneul Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Moon Young Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sue K. Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yeong-Ho Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ji Won Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Suk-Ha Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suk-Ha Lee.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 19 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hwang, W.J., Ha, J., Lee, T. et al. A candidate flowering gene in mungbean is homologous to a soybean Phytochrome A gene. Euphytica 213, 79 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1866-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1866-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation