Abstract
The Sultanate of Oman is a developing country that has accepted the English language as a significant tool for modernization. This was best interpreted in the opening of Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in 1986, which has delivered its different academic programmes totally or partially through the English language. One of the colleges of SQU has been the College of Law. It was opened in 1997 to help contribute to effective implementation of nationalisation and national development in the Sultanate of Oman, which English language proficiency is a part and parcel of. However, graduates exiting the College so far have been unable to fulfil this strategic aim due to policy-practice drawbacks. Evident weaknesses in their English language and legal knowledge have provoked repeated complaints from the employers in both sectors. Accordingly, a decision was made to introduce a bilingual programme through which approximately 30 % of the subjects at the College of Law would be taught in English. This study, therefore, researches the uses of English language in the Law job market in the Sultanate of Oman and its implications for policy-practice improvement. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 182 graduates of the College of Law, SQU. Findings have shown that while the new programme has the potential to serve national development and Omanisation, the College faculties have a pivotal role to play in influencing a positive implementation of the plan.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Issa, A. (2007). English language teaching at the College of Law—Muscat, Sultanate of Oman: Analyzing needs and understanding problems. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 17, 65–86.
Ashworth, M. (1985). Beyond methodology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brow, J., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32–42.
Campbell, H., & McCabe, B. (2002). Fun with economics: Simulating theory to stimulate learning. Journal of Public Affairs, Education, 8(2), 131–139.
Coleman, J. (2006). English-medium teaching in European higher education. Language Teaching, 39, 1–14.
Costa, F., & D’Angelo, L. (2011). CLIL: A suit for all seasons. Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated, Learning, 4(1), 1–13.
Coyle, D. (2006). Content and language integrated learning motivating learners and teachers. Scottish Languages Review, 13. Retrieved from http://www.scilt.stir.ac.uk/SLR/Issue%2013/SLR13%20Coyle.pdf.
Crookall, D., & Oxford, R. (1991). Dealing with anxiety: Some practical activities for language learners and teacher trainees. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language Anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 141–148). Prentice Hall, NJ: Englewood Cliffs.
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
de Freitas, S. (2006). Using games and simulations for supporting learning. Learning, Media and Technology, 31(3), 343–358.
de Graaff, R., Koopman, G., Anikina, Y., & Westhoff, G. (2007). An observation tool for effective L2 pedagogy in content and language integrate learning (CLIL). The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 603–624.
de Graaff, R., Koopman, G., & Westhoff, G. (2007). Identifying effective L2 pedagogy in content and language integrated learning. Vienna English Working Papers, 16(3), 12–19.
Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ettkin, L., & Snyder, L. (1972). A model for peer group counseling based on roleplaying. School Counselor, 19(2), 215–218.
Fogg, P. (2001). A history professor engages students by giving them a role in the action. Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(12), A12–13.
Gaballo, V. (2010, November). Integrating content and language in specialized language teaching and learning with the help of ICT. InICT for language conference proceedings (Vol. 167, pp. 29–34). Milan: Simonellie Editor.
Hensley, T. (1993). Come to the edge: Role playing activities in a constitutional law class. Political Science and Politics, 26(1), 64–68.
Hertel, J., & Millis, B. (2002). Using Simulation to Promote Learning in Higher Education. Sterling: Stylus.
Holloway, I., Amirthalingam, K., Bennett, H., Walker, C., & Love, N., (2008). Report of Sultan Qaboos University College of Law International Review and Assessment Committee.
Hussein, R. (1999). Code-alteration among Arab college students. World Englishes, 18(2), 281–289.
Huyack, E. T. (1975). Teaching for behavioral change. Human Educator, 14(1), 12–20.
Jones, K. (1982). Simulations in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Knowles, M. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. Chicago: Follett Publishing Company.
Knowles, M. (1980). The modern practice of adult education: Andragogy versus pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Cambridge Adult Education.
Koppe, C., & Nijsten, M. (2012, March). Towards a pattern for teaching in a foreign language. A paper presented at Viking PLoP Conference. Saariselkä, Finland.
Krashen, S. (2003). Dealing with English fever. Selected papers from the twelfth international symposium on English teaching. English teachers’ Association/ROC, Taipei. Taipei: Crane Publishing Company.
Li, P., & Pan, G. (2009). The relationship between motivation and achievement: A survey of the study of motivation of English majors in Quingdao Agricultural University. English Language Teaching, 2(1), 123–128.
Lasagabaster, D. (2008). oreign language competence in content and language integrated courses. The Open Applied Linguistics Journal, 1, 31–42.
Lloyd, C. (1998). Engaging students at the top (without leaving the rest behind). Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 42(3), 184–191.
Lorenzo, F., Casal, S., & Moore, P. (2009). The effects of content and language integrated learning in European education: Key findings from the Andalusian bilingual sections evaluation project. Applied Linguistics, 1–25.
Ludbrook, G. (2009). Developing a performance test for Italian CLIL teacher certification: Examining CLIL teacher language. tudi di glottodidattica, 2(4), 259–274.
Lunce, L. (2006). Simulations: Bringing the benefits of situated learning to the traditional classroom. Journal of Applied Educational Technology, 3(1), 37–45.
Marsh, D. (1994). Bilingual education and content and language integrated learning. Paris: International Association for Cross-cultural Communication, Language Teaching in the Member States of the European Union (Lingua) University of Sorbonne.
Naqvi, M. (2001). The challenges faced by Arab students at tertiary institutions in English speaking countries: Learning styles and cultural adjustments. In P. Deshpande (Ed.), Excellence in Academic English: Proceedings of the first national conference (pp. 175–197). Muscat: Sultan Qaboos University.
Newmann, W., & Twigg, J. (2001). Active engagement of the intro IR student: A simulation approach. Political Science and Politics, 33, 835–42.
Nordmeyer, J. (2010). At the intersection of language and content. Retrieved from http://www.tesolmedia.com/docs/bookmail/660/Chap1.pdf.
Nowak, S. (2011). The need for content and language integrated learning (CLIL) development. A paper presented at the ALTE conference. The impact of language frameworks on assessment, learning and teaching: policies, procedures and challenges, Krakow, Poland.
Oxford, R., & Ehrman, M. (1993). Second language research on individual differences. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 13, 188–205.
Pastor, M., & Perry, D. (2010). The collaborative approach in content and language integrated learning. Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, 23, 69–81.
Pinkley, D. (2012). Children learning English as a foreign language. Pearson Longman. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonlongman.com/primaryplace/pdf/clilmonograph.pdf.
Pistorio, M. (2009). Teacher training and competences for effective CLIL teaching in Argentina. Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated, Learning, 2(2), 37–43.
Poorman, P. B. (2002). Biography and role-playing: Fostering empathy in abnormal psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 29(1), 32–36.
Raines, S. (2003). The ISP forum: Dialogue and debate (Vol. 4, pp. 432–433). New York: Wiley- Blackwell.
Rockler, M. (1978). Applying simulation/gaming. In O. Miton (Ed.), On college teaching: A guide to contemporary practices. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Scarcella, R., & Oxford, R. (1992). The tapestry of language learning: The individual in the communicative classroom. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.
Shellman, S. (2004). Active learning in comparative politics: A Mock German election and coalition-formation simulation. Political Science and, Politics, 34(4), 827–834.
Shellman, S., & Turan, K. (2006). Do simulations enhance student learning? An empirical evaluation of an IR simulation. Journal of Political Science Education, 2(1), 19–32.
Sherris, A. (2008). Integrated language and content instruction. CAL Digest. Center of Applied Linguistics. Retrieved from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/integratedcontent.html.
Skehan, P. (1996). Second language acquisition research and task-based instruction. In J. Willis & D. Willis (Eds.), Challenge and change in language teaching (pp. 17–30). Oxford: Heinemann.
Teahan, J. (1975). Role playing and group experiences to facilitate attitude and value changes. Journal of Social Issues, 31(1), 35–45. Retrieved from http://www.economics.ltsn.ac.uk/advice/roleplay.htm.
Taha, A. (2008). Language alternation in university classrooms. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(4), 336–346.
Tallon, M. (2009). Foreign language anxiety and heritage students of Apanish: A quantitative study. Foreign Language Annals, 42(1), 112–137.
Wheeler, S. (2006). Role-playing games and simulations for international issues. Courses’ Journal of Political Science Education, 2(3), 331–347.
Wiesemes, R. (2005). The Final Report for the Content and Language Integrated Project. London: The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix: Uses of English at workplace
Appendix: Uses of English at workplace
No. | Statement | Never (%) | Rarely (%) | Sometimes (%) | Always (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | I read legal cases in English | 36.7 | 27.1 | 32.5 | 3.6 |
2 | I read legal correspondences in English | 32.5 | 25.9 | 27.7 | 13.9 |
3 | I read legal references in English | 42.2 | 31.3 | 20.5 | 6 |
4 | I read legal books in English | 48.8 | 29.5 | 18.1 | 3.6 |
5 | I read legal research in English | 56.6 | 27.7 | 11.4 | 4.2 |
6 | I write pleadings in English | 72.9 | 13.9 | 12 | 1.2 |
7 | I write legal memoirs in English | 69.1 | 14.5 | 12.7 | 2.6 |
8 | I write legal consultations in English | 64.8 | 13.3 | 15.8 | 6.1 |
9 | I write responses to legal correspondences in English | 56 | 18.1 | 15.1 | 10.8 |
10 | I write responses to general/non-legal correspondences in English | 48.2 | 16.9 | 21.7 | 13.3 |
11 | I write in English to my colleagues at work | 50 | 21.1 | 22 | 7.9 |
12 | I speak in English to my colleagues at work | 35.4 | 23.8 | 28.7 | 12.2 |
13 | I speak in English to the non-Arabic speaking clients | 27.1 | 25.3 | 35.5 | 12 |
14 | I respond orally in English to legal consultations | 44.2 | 26.1 | 22.4 | 7.3 |
15 | English is the medium of communication at meetings | 47 | 24.7 | 21.1 | 7.2 |
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Issa, A.S.M. Researching the uses of the english language in the law job market in the sultanate of oman: implications for policy-practice improvement. Educ Res Policy Prac 13, 25–44 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-013-9146-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-013-9146-4