Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The impact of education reform on the quality assurance system in Japan

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Educational Research for Policy and Practice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

International assessment studies have shown since decades that Japanese students score highly on math and science tests. As a consequence, many scholars, education policy officials and journalists outside Japan share the opinion that quality of education is ensured and turn to the Japanese educational system to identify educational effectiveness enhancing factors. Simultaneously, a sense of educational crisis exists within Japan, which resulted into numerous education reforms. In this paper, we describe how quality in education has been ensured in Japan, what changes in the assurance of quality are brought forth by the most recent wave of reform measures as well as the reaction of scholars toward these measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arimoto M. (1995). Japanese educational system improving ongoing practice in schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 6(4): 380–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin G.R. (1991). Chapter 2. Choices of education in Japan. International Journal of Educational Research 15, 251–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin G.R. (1997). Japanese lessons. New York, New York University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Cave P. (2001). Educational reform in Japan in the 1990s: ‘individuality’ and other uncertainties. Comparative Education Review 37(2): 173–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chuo Koron Henshubu (Ed.) (2001). Ronso: gakuryoku hokai [The decline of academic achievement controversy]. Tokyo: Chuo Koron Shinsha.

  • Chuo Kyoiku Shingikai (1998). Kongo no chiho to kyoiku gyosei no arikata ni tsuite (chukan hokoku) [The future state of local educational policy (interim report)]. Available: http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chuuou/toushin/980401.htm

  • Cummings W.K. (1980). Education and equality in Japan. New Jersey, Princeton University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Dore R., Sako M. (1998). How the Japanese learn to work. London, Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke B. (1986). The Japanese school: Lessons for industrial America. New York, Praeger

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujita H. (1997). Kyoiku kaikaku [Education reform]. Tokyo, Iwa Shinsho

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood C.P. (2001). Japanese education reform, Nakasone’s legacy. London, Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Horio T. (1988). Educational thought and ideology in modern Japan. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Ichikawa S. (2002). Gakuryoku teika ronso [The debate on the decline of achievement]. Tokyo, Chikuma Shinsho

    Google Scholar 

  • Kariya T., Shimizu K., Shimizu M., Morota Y. (2002). “Gakuryoku teika” no jittai [The actual conditions of chievement]. Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato Y., Takaura K. (eds) (2001). Gakuryoku teikaron hihan: kodomo ga “ikiru” gakuryoku to ha nani ka [Critizing the debate on decline of achievement: what does “zest for living” mean?]. Nagoya, Reimei Shobo

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitamura K. (2003). Nihon ni okeru daigaku hyoka seisaku no keisei to rippo katei (A third party evaluation policy and legislating process in Japanese higher education). The Journal of Educational Sociology, Japan 72, 53–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Komabayashi K. (1999). Gendai shakai no gakuryoku [Academic achievement in modern society]. Tokyo, Hoso Daigaku Kyoiku Shinko Kai

    Google Scholar 

  • Kudomi Y., Hosogane T., Inui A. (1999). The participation of students, parents and the community in promoting school autonomy: Case studies in Japan. International Studies in Sociology of Education 9(3): 275–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumou S. (1997). Chuo to chiho: shido to jiritsu no semegiai [The central and local government: guidance and autonomy]. In: Urano T., Sakata T.(eds) Nyumon: nihon no kyoiku ’97-’98 [Introduction of the state of Japanese education in 1997–1998]. Tokyo, Diamondo Sha, pp. 203–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Kyoiku Katei Shingikai (2000). Jido seito no gakushu to kyoiku katei no jisshi jokyo no hyoka no arikata ni tsuite (chukan matome) [How to evaluate the state of learning of students and the state of the curriculum (interim report)]. Available: http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/12/kyouiku/toushin/001002.htm

  • Lewis C.C. (1995). Educating hearts and minds: Reflections on Japanese preschool and elementary education. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Lincicome M. (1993). Focus on internationalization of Japanese education. Nationalism, internationalization, and the dilemma of educational reform in Japan. Comparative Education Review 37(2): 123–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (2000a) Education in Japan 2000. Tokyo: Gyosei Corporation

  • Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (2000b). Japanese government policies in education, science, sports and culture. 1999, educational reform in progress. Tokyo: Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance.

  • Mok, M. M. C, Gurr, D., Izawa, E., Knipprath, H., Lee, I.-H., Mel, M. A., Palmer, T., Shan, W.-J., & Zhang, Y. (2003). Quality assurance and school monitoring. In J. P. Keeves & R. Watanabe (Eds.), International handbook of educational research in the Asia-Pacific Region (pp. 945–958). Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers.

  • Monbusho (2000). Monbu toukei yoran. Heisei 13 nenpan [Statistics of the Ministry of Education, year 2001]. Tokyo: Okurasho Insatsukyoku.

  • Monbusho Ed. (1999). Heisei 11 nendo, wagakuni no bunkyoshisaku: susumu kaikaku [Japanese government policies in education, science, sports and culture 1999: Educational reform in progress]. Tokyo: Monbusho.

  • Morita M. (2001). Shido gyosei to shido shuji no haichi, yakuwari [Guidance administration and disposition and role of the school advisor]. In: Horiuchi K.(ed) Kyoiku iinkai no soshiki to kino no jissai [The organization and functions of the local education authorities]. Tokyo, Gyosei, pp. 153–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, A. (2004). Education reform requires balancing act. The Japan Times, February 20, 2004.

  • NIER Curriculum Research Center (Kokuritsu Kyouiku Seisaku Kenkyuu Kyouikujo Kyouiku Katei Kenkyuu Sentaa) (2001). Heisei 13 nendo shochugakko kyoiku katei jisshi jokyo chosa no kekka gaiyou ni tsuite (A summary of the results of the assessment in elementary and junior high schools in 2001).

  • NIER Curriculum Research Center (Kokuritsu Kyouiku Seisaku Kenkyuu Kyouikujo Kyouiku Katei Kenkyuu Sentaa) (2002). Heisei 14 nendo kotogakko kyoiku katei jisshi jokyo chosa no kekka gaiyou ni tsuite (A summary of the results of the assessment in senior high schools in 2002).

  • OECD (2001). New school management approaches. Paris: OECD.

  • Okada A. (1999). Secondary education reform and the concept of equality of opportunity in Japan. Compare 29(2): 171–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Okano K. Tsuchiya M. (1999). Education in contemporary Japan: Inequality and diversity. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozawa S. (1996). Kyoikugaku kiwado [Keywords in pedagogics]. Tokyo, Yuhikaku

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozawa, O. & Ichikawa, S. (Eds.) (2000a). Tokushu: Gakko hyogiin no secchi to unei. [Special issue: The establishment and management of school councils]. Kyoshoku Kenshu, 28–9.

  • Ozawa, O. & Ichikawa, S. (Eds.) (2000b). Tokushu: Gakko no jiko tenken, hyoka no suishin. [Special issue: The propulsion of school self-monitoring]. Kyoshoku Kenshu, 28–11.

  • Ozawa M., Tsutsumi S. Hashidume D. (2000). Sentaku, sekinin, rentai no kyoiku kaikaku [Choice, responsibility, partnership and education reform]. Tokyo, Keiso Shobo

    Google Scholar 

  • Roesgaard M.H. (1998). Moving mountains, Japanese education reform. Aarhus, Aarhus University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlen T.P. (1995). Differences that make a difference: explaining Japan’s success. Educational Policy 9(2): 103–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoppa L.J. (1991). Education reform in Japan, a case of immobilist politics. London, Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimahara N.K. (1998). The Japanese model of professional development: teaching as a craft. Teaching and Teacher Education, 14, 451–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimahara N.K., Sakai A. (1992). Teacher internship and the culture of teaching in Japan. British Journal of Sociology of Education 13(2): 147–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimahara N.K., Sakai A. (1995). Learning to teach in two cultures: Japan and the United States. New York, Garland

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson H.W., Stigler J.W. (1992). The learning gap. New York, Simon & Schuster

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki S. (2000). Japanese education for the 21st century: Educational issues, policy choice and perspectives. In: Townsend Y., Cheng C.(eds) Educational change and development in the Asia-Pacific region. Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger, pp. 57–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Tose N., Nishimura K. (2001). Nihon no daigakusei no suugakuryoku [Mathematics achievement of Japanese university students]. In: Aoki M., Sawa A., Daitou M.(eds) Daigaku kaikaku [University reform] Tsusan kenkyu rebyu henshu iinkai. Tokyo, Toyo Keizai Shinhousha

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Petegem P. (1998). Vormgeven aan schoolbeleid, effectieve-scholenonderzoek als inspiratiebron voor de zelfevaluatie van scholen. Leuven/Amersfoort, Acco

    Google Scholar 

  • Wray H. (1999). Japanese and American education: Attitudes and practices. Westport, Connecticut, Bergin & Garvey

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaosaka O. (2001). Gendai no kyoiku kaikaku to gakko no jiko hyoka [Contemporary education reform and schools’ self-monitoring]. Tokyo, Gyosei

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoneyama S. (1999). The Japanese high school, silence and resistance. London, Routledge

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heidi Knipprath.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Knipprath, H., Arimoto, M. The impact of education reform on the quality assurance system in Japan. Educ Res Policy Prac 6, 205–217 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-007-9019-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-007-9019-9

Keywords

Navigation