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Sustainable engine transformation: assessing hydrogen enrichment and CeO2 nanoparticle effects on neat palm biodiesel-fueled CI engines

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Abstract

This study investigates the potential utilization of pure palm biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines, exploring the impact of enriched hydrogen-air supplied at the inlet manifold and the incorporation of nanoparticles into the fuel. The experimental campaign encompasses different fuel types: neat palm biodiesel (POBD), palm biodiesel with enriched hydrogen at a flow rate of 10 L per minute (lpm) mixed with air (POBD + H2), and palm biodiesel with 30 ppm cerium oxide nanoparticles and enriched hydrogen-air (POBD + H2 + CeO2). The engine’s performance is compared against that of neat diesel fuel. The testing of hydrogen-enriched air with palm biodiesel (POBD + H2) yields an average reduction of 14.29% in specific fuel consumption (SFC), a 4.06% increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and significant reductions in exhaust pollutant emissions: carbon monoxide (CO) by 31.77%, hydrocarbon (HC) by 25.2 ppm, and smoke opacity by 47.37%. However, the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) increases by 194.6 ppm compared to diesel fuel. Upon the introduction of cerium oxide nanoparticles into the aforementioned experimental setup (POBD + H2 + CeO2), significant enhancements were seen, including a reduction of 20.67% in SFC and a 6.28% increase in BTE. The levels of polluting gases exhibited significant reductions. Specifically, CO levels decreased by 42.25%, HC levels decreased by 29.6 ppm, smoke opacity decreased by 57.01%, and there was a remarkable decrease of 59 ppm in nitrogen oxide levels as compared to the use of diesel fuel.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Chingakham Chinglenthoiba (John) for his invaluable assistance in proofreading and providing constructive feedback on our manuscript. His expertise and meticulous attention to detail greatly enhanced the quality and clarity of our work. We are truly grateful for his time and dedication in helping us improve this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, 600128, India

    K. Thiruselvam & S. Senthil

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, 624622, India

    S. Murugapoopathi

  3. Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  4. Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  5. Tshwane School for Business and Society, Faculty of Management of Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  6. Centre for Environmental Studies, The International University of Management, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  7. Regent Business School, Durban, 4001, South Africa

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  8. Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, Research and Development Division, P.O. Box 7387, Swakopmund, Namibia

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

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  1. K. Thiruselvam
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Contributions

K. Thiruselvam: Investigation, Validation, Formal analysis, Software.S. Senthi: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology.S. Murugapoopathi: Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Kassian T.T. Amesho: Wrote, editing and reviewing, Supervised the work..

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Correspondence to Kassian T.T. Amesho.

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Thiruselvam, K., Senthil, S., Murugapoopathi, S. et al. Sustainable engine transformation: assessing hydrogen enrichment and CeO2 nanoparticle effects on neat palm biodiesel-fueled CI engines. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05051-0

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