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Water–food–energy–climate nexus and technology productivity: a Nigerian case study of organic leafy vegetable production

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Abstract

Low agricultural productivity is a major challenge constraining food production in developing countries. Attempts at addressing the problem have resulted in the development and deployment of agricultural technologies, such as organic farming, to help boost productivity, enhance farmers’ income, and their overall livelihood conditions. The deployment of such productivity-enhancing technologies has mostly overlooked their inexplicable interconnectedness and interdependencies with nexus factors such as climate, water, and energy within the embeddings of a food production system. Through a Nigerian case study approach, this study attempts to bridge this gap by qualitatively investigating how organic leafy vegetable production (OLVP) and its anticipated outcomes can be affected by the interface of water, energy, and climate with food production. This was intended to generate exploratory insights that will help underscore why cross-sectoral linkages should be accounted for when deploying agricultural technology interventions. To achieve this objective, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, and field visits to the farms of organic farmers in Ajibode, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results indicate that the productivity of OLVP was severely constrained by highly contextual nexus factors such as energy deficit, the water source for irrigation, changes in rainfall patterns, and temperature effect of harmattan. We concluded that location-specific nexus elements that intersect with food production should be accounted for when introducing productivity-enhancing technologies. Otherwise, the opportunity for improved agricultural productivity may remain elusive. Finally, our study shows that the nexus approach can help reveal intricately linked cross-sectoral factors that can constrain the performance of agricultural technologies.

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(Adapted from United Nations University (UNU) 2013)

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by Environmental Science and Policy Program (ESPP) and the Center for Gender in Global Context (GenCen), at Michigan State University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Sustainability, and Environmental Science Policy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Jelili Adegboyega Adebiyi & Laura Schmitt Olabisi

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Environmental Science Policy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Lin Liu

  3. Department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences, and, Environmental Science Policy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Dee Jordan

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  1. Jelili Adegboyega Adebiyi
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Adebiyi, J.A., Olabisi, L.S., Liu, L. et al. Water–food–energy–climate nexus and technology productivity: a Nigerian case study of organic leafy vegetable production. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 6128–6147 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00865-0

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