Abstract
Riboflavin crystallization mother liquor contains a prominent amount of riboflavin which discharged through as a waste material. As a waste, it causes serious environmental pollution. Hence, with the source of environment pollution, it also causes wastage of rich riboflavin resources. The main object of this study is to control environmental pollution by the process of crystallization mother liquor and recovered the purified riboflavin from the waste material. For that purpose, different macroporous resins with different adsorption and desorption properties (HP20, SP207, AB-8, and D290) were firstly investigated. It revealed that SP 207 possessed good separation results as compared to other ones. To optimize the separation process, different adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out on a column packed with SP 207 resin. The Freundlich isotherm model was applied which shows that equilibrium obtained at 20 °C. However, with the resin SP 207, the optimum flow rates were observed at these conditions, adsorption 5 BV/h, desorption flow rate 20 BV/h with 6 BV and eluent used (20:80, v/v) hydrochloric acid–ethanol. The hydrochloric acid and ethanol in desorption solution were recovered 80% and 75%, respectively, by electrodialysis and distillation. However, in the final product, the purity of riboflavin was obtained 96.84 ± 0.21% with the recovery of 80.66 ± 0.39%. These findings revealed that highly purified riboflavin product can be achieved from the crystallization mother liquor by macroporous resins and by electrodialysis process. The reported method proved experimentally with successful results and observed as a low-cost process and environment-friendly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beztsinna, N., Solé, M., Taib, N., & Bestel, I. (2016). Bioengineered riboflavin in nanotechnology. Biomaterials, 80, 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.050.
Chaves Neto, A. H., Pelizzaro-Rocha, K. J., Fernandes, M. N., & Ferreira-Halder, C. V. (2015). Antitumor activity of irradiated riboflavin on human renal carcinoma cell line 786-O. Tumor Biology, 36(2), 595–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2675-5.
Cheng, K. K., Ge, J. P., Zhang, J. A., Ling, H. Z., Zhou, Y. J., Yang, M. De, et al. (2007). Fermentation of pretreated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate to ethanol by Pachysolen tannophilus. Biotechnology Letters, 29(7), 1051–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-007-9361-2.
Deghles, A., & Kurt, U. (2016). Treatment of tannery wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/electrodialysis process. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 104, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2016.02.009.
Dmytruk, K. V., Yatsyshyn, V. Y., Voronovsky, A. Y., Fedorovych, D. V., & Sibirny, A. A. (2009). Construction of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Overproducers of the Yeast Candida Famata. Nauka ta Innovacii, 5(6), 70–74. https://doi.org/10.15407/scin5.06.070.
Dong, Y., Zhao, M., Sun-Waterhouse, D., Zhuang, M., Chen, H., Feng, M., et al. (2015). Absorption and desorption behaviour of the flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. leaf on macroporous adsorption resins. Food Chemistry, 168, 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.109.
Huang, J., Liu, J., & Rao, Y. (2013). Binary tree pricing to convertible bonds with credit risk under stochastic interest rates. Abstract and Applied Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/270467.
Jeppu, G. P., & Clement, T. P. (2012). A modified Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model for simulating pH-dependent adsorption effects. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 129–130, 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.12.001.
Jin, Q., Yue, J., Shan, L., Tao, G., Wang, X., & Qiu, A. (2008). Process research of macroporous resin chromotography for separation of N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin from Chinese safflower seed extracts. Separation and Purification Technology, 62(2), 370–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2008.02.007.
Kuang, P., Song, D., Yuan, Q., Yi, R., Lv, X., & Liang, H. (2013). Separation and purification of sulforaphene from radish seeds using macroporous resin and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chemistry, 136(2), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.082.
Lakherwal, D. (2014). Adsorption of heavy metals: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4(1), 2249–3131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9401-5.
Lehmann, M., Degen, S., Hohmann, H. P., Wyss, M., Bacher, A., & Schramek, N. (2009). Biosynthesis of riboflavin: Screening for an improved GTP cyclohydrolase II mutant. FEBS Journal, 276(15), 4119–4129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07118.x.
Li, C., Liang, H., Yuan, Q., & Hou, X. (2008). Optimization of sulforaphane separation from broccoli seeds by macroporous resins. Separation Science and Technology, 43(3), 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496390701787222.
Lin, L., Zhao, H., Dong, Y., Yang, B., & Zhao, M. (2012). Macroporous resin purification behavior of phenolics and rosmarinic acid from Rabdosia serra (MAXIM.) HARA leaf. Food Chemistry, 130(2), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.069.
Liu, C., Jiao, R., Yao, L., Zhang, Y., Lu, Y., & Tan, R. (2016). Adsorption characteristics and preparative separation of chaetominine from Aspergillus fumigatus mycelia by macroporous resin. Journal of Chromatography, B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1015–1016, 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.027.
Liu, Y., Liu, J., Chen, X., Liu, Y., & Di, D. (2010). Preparative separation and purification of lycopene from tomato skins extracts by macroporous adsorption resins. Food Chemistry, 123(4), 1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.055.
Lu, H., Zou, W., Chai, P., Wang, J., & Bazinet, L. (2016). Feasibility of antibiotic and sulfate ions separation from wastewater using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3097–3105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.091.
Mal, P., Ghosh, D., Bandyopadhyay, D., Dutta, K., & Bishayi, B. (2012). Ampicillin alone and in combination with riboflavin modulates Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 50(10), 677–689.
Mirshafiey, A., & Mohsenzadegan, M. (2008). The role of reactive oxygen species in immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 7(4), 195–202
Mohan, D., & Pittman, C. U. (2007). Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents—A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142(1–2), 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.006.
Park, J. S., Song, J. H., Yeon, K. H., & Moon, S. H. (2007). Removal of hardness ions from tap water using electromembrane processes. Desalination, 202(1–3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.031.
Premkumar, V. G., Yuvaraj, S., Sathish, S., Shanthi, P., & Sachdanandam, P. (2008). Anti-angiogenic potential of CoenzymeQ10, riboflavin and niacin in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy. Vascular Pharmacology, 48(4–6), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2008.02.003.
Rodrigues, M. A. S., Amado, F. D. R., Xavier, J. L. N., Streit, K. F., Bernardes, A. M., & Ferreira, J. Z. (2008). Application of photoelectrochemical-electrodialysis treatment for the recovery and reuse of water from tannery effluents. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(5), 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.002.
Sandhu, A. K., & Gu, L. (2013). Adsorption/desorption characteristics and separation of anthocyanins from muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) juice pomace by use of macroporous adsorbent resins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(7), 1441–1448. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3036148.
Scarazzato, T., Buzzi, D. C., Bernardes, A. M., & Romano Espinosa, D. C. (2015). Treatment of wastewaters from cyanide-free plating process by electrodialysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 91, 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.046.
Stahmann, K.-P., Revuelta, J. L., & Seulberger, H. (2000). Three biotechnical processes using Ashbya gossypii, Candida famata, or Bacillus subtilis compete with chemical riboflavin production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 53(5), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051649.
Teng, Y. (2014). Specific conversion of amino acids as a means for their separation. Wageningen: Wageningen University.
Thang, V. H., Koschuh, W., Kulbe, K. D., & Novalin, S. (2005). Detailed investigation of an electrodialytic process during the separation of lactic acid from a complex mixture. Journal of Membrane Science, 249(1–2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2004.08.033.
Vu, H. T., Koschuh, W., & Novalin, S. (2005). Electrodialysis versus chromatography for desalting silage juice: Comparison of both processes with regard to energy consumption. Journal of Membrane Science, 256(1–2), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.044.
Vyas, P. V., Shah, B. G., Trivedi, G. S., Gaur, P. M., Ray, P., & Adhikary, S. K. (2001). Separation of inorganic and organic acids from glyoxal by electrodialysis. Desalination, 140(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00353-8.
Wang, Z., Chen, T., Ma, X., Shen, Z., & Zhao, X. (2011). Enhancement of riboflavin production with Bacillus subtilis by expression and site-directed mutagenesis of zwf and gnd gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bioresource Technology, 102(4), 3934–3940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.120.
Yang, L., & Tan, T. (2008). Enhancement of the isolation selectivity of isoflavonoid puerarin using oligo-β-cyclodextrin coupled polystyrene-based media. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 40(1), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2007.12.007.
Yang, Q., Zhao, M., & Lin, L. (2016). Adsorption and desorption characteristics of adlay bran free phenolics on macroporous resins. Food Chemistry, 194, 900–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.070.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2014AA021705), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YS1407), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2162030), the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (YETP0520) and China Scholarship Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Memon, A.H., Ding, R., Guo, Y. et al. Green reclaiming of riboflavin from crystallization mother liquor by macroporous resin and electrodialysis. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 3114–3129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00708-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00708-y