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Investigation of heavy metals uptake in root-shoot of native plant species adjoining wastewater channels

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Abstract

Metal pollution in water, soil, and vegetation is an emerging environmental issue. Therefore, this study investigated the abundance of heavy metals (HMs) within roots and shoots of native plant species i.e., Bromus pectinatus, Cynodon dactylon, Poa annua, Euphorbia heliscopa, Anagallis arvensis, and Stellaria media grown in the adjoining area of municipal wastewater channels of a Pakistani city of Abbottabad. HMs concentrations (mg L−1) in municipal wastewater were: chromium (Cr) (0.55) > nickel (Ni) (0.09) > lead (Pb) (0.07) > cadmium (Cd) (0.03). Accumulation of HMs in both roots and shoots of plant species varied as B. pectinatus > C. dactylon > P. annua > E. heliscopa > A. arvensis > S. media. Irrespective of the plant species, roots exhibited higher concentrations of HMs than shoots. Higher amount of Cr (131.70 mg kg−1) was detected in the roots of B. pectinatus and the lowest amount (81 mg kg−1) in A. arvensis, Highest Cd concentration was found in the shoot of B. pectinatus and the lowest in the E. heliscopa. The highest concentration of Ni was found in the roots of S. media (37.40 mg kg−1) and the shoot of C. dactylon (15.70 mg kg−1) whereas the lowest Ni concentration was achieved in the roots of A. arvensis (12.10 mg kg−1) and the shoot of E. heliscopa (5.90 mg kg−1). The concentration of HMs in individual plant species was less than 1000 mg kg−1. Considering the higher values (> 1) of biological concentration factor (BCF), biological accumulation co-efficient (BAC), and translocation factor (TF), B. pectinatus and S. media species showed greater potential for HMs accumulation than other species. Therefore, these plants might be helpful for the remediation of HM-contaminated soil.

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The authors gratefully acknowledge the support received from their Institutes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan

    Sardar Khyzer Bashir, Muhammad Irshad & Faridullah Faridullah

  2. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China

    Aziz Ur Rahim Bacha

  3. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    Aziz Ur Rahim Bacha

  4. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka cho, Tottori City, 680-0001, Japan

    Ping An

  5. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Zahid Ullah

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Contributions

Sardar Khyzer Bashir: formal analysis and writing – original draft. Muhammad Irshad: Conceptualization, supervision, data curation, and writing – original draft preparation. Aziz Ur Rahim Bacha: data curation, writing (original draft preparation, reviewing, and editing). Ping An: writing – reviewing and editing. Faridullah Faridullah: writing – reviewing and editing. Zahid Ullah: writing – reviewing and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Bashir, S.K., Irshad, M., Bacha, A.U.R. et al. Investigation of heavy metals uptake in root-shoot of native plant species adjoining wastewater channels. Environ Monit Assess 196, 541 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12714-y

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