Abstract
The present study focuses on the elemental analysis of road dust in Guwahati, the largest city of Assam and the largest metropolis of Northeast India during the Diwali festival. Road dust samples were collected on pre-Diwali (PD), the Day after Diwali (DaD), and one week after Diwali (WaD) from two sites (Lankeshwar; LKW and Patharquarry; PTQ). Three composite samples were collected from 3 points at each site. The elemental concentration was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of Ba and Sr increased by 1.6 and 1.7 times, respectively, after Diwali. Among other firework-related elements (FREs), Mg, Al, K, and Cu increased at LKW following Diwali (both DaD and WaD), whereas Mg, Al, and K increased in DaD dust at PTQ. The average concentration of Traffic Related Elements (TREs) at PTQ was significantly higher than at LKW (p < 0.05; 75.40 mg/kg vs 63.96 mg/kg). Cd had the highest enrichment (EF), followed by Ni and Zn. EF for Cd, Ni, and Zn ranged from high to extremely high enrichment. Ni and Cd exhibited moderate contamination (CF). The ecological risk (ER) values for Cd at LKW and PTQ were 54.32 and 56.71, respectively, indicating a moderate ER. Pearson's correlation was performed to study the relationship between elements, while PCA analysis was used to identify the main sources of these elements. Although the health hazard indices presently do not suggest any immediate danger, hazard quotient (HQ) values for ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure were higher for children than adults. In children, the contribution of HQing to HI (total risk) was the highest, accounting for more than 65% of all elements. There is no apparent lifetime cancer risk due to road dust exposure through inhalation.
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References
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the UGC-Start-up Grant [F.30-437/2018(BSR)] to the corresponding author. We also acknowledge Mebaaibok L. Nonglait's contribution to the map's design. We also thank him for his valuable inputs while revising the manuscript. The authors would like to extend their gratitude to all those who provided constructive suggestions and guidance to improve the manuscript in support of this research.
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This study was supported by UGC-Start-up Grant [F.30–437/2018(BSR)].
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Anamika Nath contributed to the field sampling, data curation, and preparing the final draft of the manuscript. Baishali Paul helped in writing the original draft and data analysis. Pratibha Deka conceptualized the study, gave comments and suggestions, and finalized the manuscript.
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Nath, A., Paul, B. & Deka, P. Chemical characterization of road dust during diwali festival in Guwahati city of Assam, Northeast India. Environ Monit Assess 196, 484 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12628-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12628-9