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Aerated lagoon/adsorption combination method for the treatment of olive mill wastewater: optimizing parameters using study design

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Abstract

The current study focuses on investigating how to improve the efficacy of the combined process of aerated lagooning and adsorption for the treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) from the olive industries in the Loukkos region using the design of experiments approach. The latter made it possible to optimize the experimental conditions, such as the mass concentration of lime, the mass concentration of powdered activated carbon (AC), and the speed of agitation (Va), which are required for the envisaged treatment, in order to control the results after the evaluation of the necessary physicochemical parameters, namely pH, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), rate of discoloration, and content of polyphenols. The experimental conditions necessary to carry out this study were between 1.4 and 1.75 g/l for AC, between 23 and 32 rpm for the stirring speed, and between 0.88 and 1.3 g/l for the mass concentration of lime. The results of this experiment showed that treating OMWW with the prototype II after adding lime to the mixture resulted in an estimated 85% reduction in the analyzed parameters. The pH, TSS, COD, discoloration rate, and polyphenol content were all reduced from initial values of 4.87, 0.63 (g/l), 80.3 (g (O2/l)), 0.8%, and 1.45 (g/l), respectively, to final values of 6.92, 0.12 (g/l), 12, 0.16%, and 0.25 (g/l). These results are highly significant when compared to those obtained during the treatment of prototype I using only powdered activated carbon, which showed a reduction rate of around 70%.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors of this study present their sincere thanks to the Editor in Chief for managing this article and also to all anonymous reviewers for their great feedback and edits that have helped us improve the quality of this paper significantly.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, P.O. Box 14000, Kenitra, Morocco

    Abdesselam Eddaoukhi, Ahmed El Yacoubi, Brahim Sallek & Hakima Nassali

  2. Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, P.O. Box 14000, Kenitra, Morocco

    Mohamed Berradi, Youssef El Rhayam & Omar Berradi

  3. Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Natural Substances and Environment, Abdel Malek University Essaadi, P.O. Box 416, Tangier, 9000, Morocco

    Lama Rissouli

  4. Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Unit of Research On Nuclear Techniques, Environment and Quality, Regional Center for Agronomic Research of National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), P.O. Box 9010, Tangier, Morocco

    Lama Rissouli

  5. Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment, Chemistry of Solid Minerals, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed First University, P.O. Box 524, Oujda, 60000, Morocco

    Ahmed El Yacoubi

  6. Laboratory of Research in Informatics, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, P.O. Box 14000, Kenitra, Morocco

    Abdessamad Eddaoukhi

  7. University Department, Royal Naval School of Marine Engineering, Boulevard Sour-Jdid, P.O. Box 16314, Casablanca, 20052, Morocco

    Abderrahim El Bachiri

Authors
  1. Abdesselam Eddaoukhi
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  2. Mohamed Berradi
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  3. Youssef El Rhayam
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  4. Lama Rissouli
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  5. Ahmed El Yacoubi
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  6. Abdessamad Eddaoukhi
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  7. Omar Berradi
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  8. Brahim Sallek
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  9. Abderrahim El Bachiri
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  10. Hakima Nassali
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and design of the present paper. Abdesselam Eddaoukhi: methodology and data collection. Mohamed Berradi: conceptualization, writing the first draft of the manuscript, writing—reviewing and editing. Youssef El Rhayam: software and data collection. Lama Rissouli: methodology and formal analysis. Ahmed El Yacoubi: writing—reviewing and editing. Abdessamad Eddaoukhi: software and figure preparation. Omar Berradi: software and figure preparation. Abderrahim El Bachiri: writing—reviewing, editing, and supervision. Brahim Sallek and Hakima Nassali: supervision and resources. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Abdesselam Eddaoukhi, Mohamed Berradi or Ahmed El Yacoubi.

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Eddaoukhi, A., Berradi, M., El Rhayam, Y. et al. Aerated lagoon/adsorption combination method for the treatment of olive mill wastewater: optimizing parameters using study design. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1111 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11726-4

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