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Potential soil organic carbon sequestration vis-a-vis methane emission in lowland rice agroecosystem

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Abstract

Mitigating the atmospheric greenhouse effect while enhancing the inherent soil quality and productive capacity is possible through soil carbon (C) sequestration, which has a significant potential to counteract the adverse effects of agroecosystem level C emission through natural and anthropogenic means. Although rice is the most important food in India, feeding more than 60% of the country’s population, it is commonly blamed for significant methane (CH4) emissions that accelerate climate change. Higher initial soil organic matter concentrations would create more CH4 under the flooded soil conditions, as reducible soil C is a prerequisite for CH4 generation. In India, rice is generally cultivated in lowlands under continuous flooding. Less extensive organic matter breakdown in lowland rice agroecosystems often significantly impacts the dynamics of soil active and passive C pools. Change from conventional to conservation agriculture might trap a significant quantity of SOC. The study aims to investigate the potential of rice-based soils to sequester C and reduce the accelerated greenhouse effects through modified farming practices, such as crop residue retention, crop rotation, organic farming, varietal selection, conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, and water management. Overall, lowland rice agroecosystems can sequester significant amounts of SOC, but this potential must be balanced against the potential for CH4 emissions. Management practices that reduce CH4 emissions while increasing soil C sequestration should be promoted and adopted to maximize the sustainability of rice agroecosystems. This review is important for understanding the effectiveness of the balance between SOC sequestration and CH4 emissions in lowland rice agroecosystems for adopting sustainable agricultural practices in the context of climate change.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that all data available in the manuscript are obtained from the various published research papers and review articles.

Abbreviations

C:

Carbon

CH4 :

Methane

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CSP:

Carbon sequestration potential

FYM:

Farmyard manure

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

IGP:

Indo-Gangetic Plain

Mha:

Million hectares

Mt:

Million tons

N2O:

Nitrous oxide

NPK:

Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

O2 :

Oxygen

RW:

Rice wheat

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SRI:

System of rice intensification

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India

    Saikat Ranjan Das, Bitish Kumar Nayak, Suman Sarkar, Dibyendu Chatterjee, Abhijit Pradhan, Sanjoy Saha & Amaresh Kumar Nayak

  2. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India

    Souvik Dey & Dibyendu Sarkar

  3. ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tadong, Sikkim, 737102, India

    Saurav Saha

Authors
  1. Saikat Ranjan Das
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  2. Bitish Kumar Nayak
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  3. Souvik Dey
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  4. Suman Sarkar
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  5. Dibyendu Chatterjee
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  6. Saurav Saha
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  7. Dibyendu Sarkar
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  8. Abhijit Pradhan
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  9. Sanjoy Saha
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  10. Amaresh Kumar Nayak
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Contributions

• Saikat Ranjan Das completed the formal analysis, collected the data, and wrote the main manuscript text;

• Bitish Kumar Nayak helped to write the main manuscript text;

• Souvik Dey prepared Table 3;

• Suman Sarkar prepared Figs. 1 and 2;

• Dibyendu Chatterjee conceptualized, provided resources, and edited the main manuscript;

• Saurav Saha conceptualized and edited the main manuscript;

• Dibyendu Sarkar provided resources and edited the main manuscript;

• Abhijit Pradhan prepared Tables 1 and 2;

• Sanjoy Saha supervised and edited the main manuscript;

• Amaresh Kumar Nayak overall supervised and edited the main manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dibyendu Chatterjee.

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Das, S.R., Nayak, B.K., Dey, S. et al. Potential soil organic carbon sequestration vis-a-vis methane emission in lowland rice agroecosystem. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1099 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11673-0

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