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Mapping and identification of potential groundwater development zones of an alluvial aquifer in parts of Ghaggar and Upper Yamuna basins in India

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Abstract

Using an integrated analytical hierarchy process, remote sensing and geographic information system techniques, the current study aims to map and identify the potential groundwater zones of Kurukshetra District of Haryana, which is located in the Ghaggar and Upper Yamuna Basins in India. This is done in the context of a significant change in the use of groundwater pattern, with respect to its continuously increasing demand due to the growing population, expansion of area under irrigation and related economic factors. The amount and quality of groundwater are anticipated to be impacted by anthropogenic activities as well as natural factors such as geomorphology, soil type, lithology and rainfall variance owing to a changing climatic scenario. The potential index of groundwater for this study was calculated by using nine important factors, including geomorphology, rainfall, soil type, depth to groundwater level, lithology, land use land cover, normalized difference vegetation index, cumulative sand thickness and elevation. The integration of multiple thematic layers was accomplished using the overlay weighted method to generate a potential groundwater zonation map and the accuracy of the resulting map was validated against a groundwater resource potential map. Statistical measures demonstrate an 82% agreement between the two maps, indicating a high level of concurrence. Accordingly, three groundwater zones of good, average and bad potential have been identified in the study area. In the current study, a process that combines weighted ranking with spatial data transformation and harmonization has been developed to obtain information for accurate decision-making. The results accruing from this research have significant ramifications for creating regional sustainable groundwater management plans.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their gratitude to the Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, for providing necessary lab facilities.

Funding

First author is thankful to for providing UGC (SRF) Fellowship to conduct this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Syed Nasir u din, Madhuri S. Rishi & Lakhvinder Kaur

  2. Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136-119, Haryana, India

    Lakhvinder Kaur

  3. Department of Environmental Science, DAV College, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Neelam Sidhu

  4. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    A. S. Ahluwalia

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  1. Syed Nasir u din
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  2. Madhuri S. Rishi
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  3. Lakhvinder Kaur
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  4. Neelam Sidhu
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  5. A. S. Ahluwalia
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Syed Nasir u din, Madhuri Sharma Rishi, Lakhvinder Kaur and Amrik Singh Ahluwalia; field investigation: Syed Nasir u din; methodology: Syed Nasir u din, Lakhvinder Kaur and Neelam Sidhu; formal analysis and software: Syed Nasir u din and Lakhvinder Kaur; writing original draft: Syed Nasir u din and Lakhvinder Kaur; writing, review and editing: Syed Nasir u din; Madhuri Sharma Rishi; Neelam Sidhu; final review: Madhuri Sharma Rishi and Amrik Singh Ahluwalia.

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Correspondence to Madhuri S. Rishi.

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din, S.N.u., Rishi, M.S., Kaur, L. et al. Mapping and identification of potential groundwater development zones of an alluvial aquifer in parts of Ghaggar and Upper Yamuna basins in India. Environ Monit Assess 195, 973 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11579-x

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