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Mapping of tide-dominated Hooghly estuary water quality parameters using Sentinel-3 OLCI time-series data

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Abstract

The study explores the spatio-temporal variation of water quality parameters in the Hooghly estuary, which is considered an ecologically-stressed shallow estuary and a major distributary for the Ganges River. The estimated parameters are chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter (TSM), and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The Sentinel-3 OLCI remote sensing imageries were analyzed for the duration of October 2018 to February 2019. We observed that the water quality of the Hooghly estuaries is comparatively low-oxygenated, mesotrophic, and phosphate-limited. Ongoing channel dredging for maintaining shipping channel depth keeps the TSM in the estuary at an elevated level, with the highest amount of TSM observed during March of 2019 (41.59g m−3) at station A, upstream point. Since the pre-monsoon season, TSM data shows a decreasing trend towards the mouth of the estuary. Chl-a concentration is higher during pre-monsoon than monsoon and post-monsoon periods, with the highest value observed in April at 1.09 mg m−3 in station D during the pre-monsoon period. The CDOM concentration was high in the middle section (January–February) and gradually decreased towards the estuary’s head and mouth. The highest CDOM was found in February at locations C and D during the pre-monsoon period. Every station shows a significant correlation among CDOM, TSM, and Chl-a measured parameters. Based on our satellite data analysis, it is recommended that SNAP C2RCC be regionally used for TSM, Chl-a, and CDOM for water quality product retrieval and in various algorithms for the Hooghly estuary monitoring.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

    Avirup Ranjan Bar, Ismail Mondal, Sourav Das, Bratin Biswas & Sourav Samanta

  2. Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India

    Ismail Mondal

  3. Department of Marine & Earth Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA

    Felix Jose

  4. Institute of Energy Infrastructure and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ali Najah Ahmed

  5. HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Van Nam Thai

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  1. Avirup Ranjan Bar
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Contributions

Abirup Ranjan Bar and Ismail Mondal: conceptualization, writing—original draft, software, formal analysis, visualization. Sourav Das, Bratin Biswas, Sourav Samanta, Felix Jose, Ali Najah Ahmed, and Van Nam Thai: data curation, formal analysis; writing—original draft, visualization, writing, review and editing, supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Bar, A.R., Mondal, I., Das, S. et al. Mapping of tide-dominated Hooghly estuary water quality parameters using Sentinel-3 OLCI time-series data. Environ Monit Assess 195, 975 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11552-8

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