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The problem of conserving an ecosystem that has not been completely delineated and mapped: the case of the Cocais Palm Forest

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Abstract

Land cover changes threaten biodiversity and alter the geographic distribution of forests worldwide. Studies on this topic are important to establish conservation strategies and public policies. However, different studies may propose different spatial representations due to differences when identifying, classifying, and/or mapping the same vegetation formation, as observed for the Cocais Forest region. This palm-dominated ecosystem predominates the Brazilian mid-north region in an ecotone region with 3 of the 6 Brazilian biomes. In this study, we conducted a literature review of studies that delineated and mapped the Cocais Forest, aiming to compare different mapped regions and to establish a new distribution map integrating these spatial data. We found seven sources that revealed spatial divergences in identifying the spatial distribution of Cocais Forest, including its characteristics in terms of size and shape, which could affect the conservation, socioeconomic, and cultural policies and studies carried out on this emblematic vegetation formation and influence area. The delineation proposed by de Sousa Nascimento and Lima (Revista de Políticas Públicas 189–192, 2016) encompassed the largest area. In addition, there was a lack of consensus regarding the nomenclature for this ecosystem, and few works offered a detailed description of the mapping process. Despite the different spatial distributions found for the Cocais Forest, we succeeded in establishing a common area by overlapping individual maps, resulting in the identification of a core region exclusive located in the State of Maranhão.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Amazonian Network for Biodiversity and Biotechnology Graduate Program (BIONORTE), the Foundation for Research and Scientific Development of Maranhão (FAPEMA), the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), and the State University of Maranhão (UEMA), specially to the Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity (LCAB/UEMA), for the financial support for this study, and to the reviewers who provided their expertise in evaluating this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão—FAPEMA (grant number IECT-05539/18).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil

    Diego Pereira Santos

  2. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

    Swanni T. Alvarado

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Natureza e Dinâmica do Espaço, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

    Swanni T. Alvarado

  4. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil

    Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr.

  5. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

    Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo

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Santos, D.P., was responsible for surveying the database and formatting the figures and tables. All authors participated in writing and revising the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo.

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Santos, D.P., Alvarado, S.T., de Almeida, E.B. et al. The problem of conserving an ecosystem that has not been completely delineated and mapped: the case of the Cocais Palm Forest. Environ Monit Assess 195, 784 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11345-z

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