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Synthesis and characterization of g-C3N4-modified zeolite and its application as a methyl violet 6b cationic dye sorbent

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Abstract

This paper reports a novel, low-cost, and facile approach to prepare a hybrid material consisting of zeolite, Fe3O4, and graphitic carbon nitride as a sorbent to remove methyl violet 6b (MV) from aqueous solutions. To improve the performance of the zeolite for the removal of MV, graphitic carbon nitride (with different C-N bonds and conjugated π region) was used. Also, to perform an easy and fast separation of sorbent from aqueous media, magnetic nanoparticles were incorporated into the sorbent. The prepared sorbent was characterized by different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The effects of four parameters of initial pH, initial concentration of MV, contact time, and the adsorbent amount on the removal process were investigated and optimized by the central composite design method. The removal efficiency of MV was modeled as a function of the experimental parameters. Affording to the proposed model, the values of 10 mg, 28 mg L−1, and 2 min were selected as optimum condition for adsorbent amount, initial concentration, and contact time, respectively. Under this condition, the optimal removal efficiency was 86% ± 2.8 which were close to the predicted value of the model (89%). Therefore, the model could fit and predict the data. The maximal adsorption capacity of sorbent derived from Langmuir’s isotherm was 384.6 mg g−1. The applied composite can efficiently remove MV from various wastewater samples (paint, textile industries, pesticide production wastewater samples, and municipal wastewater).

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Research Council of Isfahan University of technology.

Funding

This study is supported by the University of Isfahan Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Somayeh Karimi & Mohammad Saraji

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  1. Somayeh Karimi
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Somayeh Karimi and Mohammad Saraji. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Somayeh Karimi and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Saraji.

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Karimi, S., Saraji, M. Synthesis and characterization of g-C3N4-modified zeolite and its application as a methyl violet 6b cationic dye sorbent. Environ Monit Assess 195, 748 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11301-x

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