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Pedological data for the study of soils developed over a limestone bed in a humid tropical environment

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Abstract

Lithological characteristics interact with other factors of soil formation to define soil genesis. This becomes more interesting as data on the mineral and elemental oxide components of soils developed from limestone are rarely available in the humid tropical environment. The present study investigated the elemental oxide content, forms of sesquioxides, and clay mineral species in some limestone soils. Soil samples were obtained from three (3) crestal soil profile pits and analyzed for elemental content by the use of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and sesquioxide forms by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer. Analyses were done in triplicates. The mineralogy of the clay fraction was determined on the A, B, and C horizon samples using an X-ray diffraction technique. The occurrence of SiO2 (203–277 g/kg), Al2O3 (65–105 g/kg), and Fe2O3 (14–95 g/kg) in substantial amounts over MnO2, ZrO2, and TiO2 with negligible quantities of CaO suggested comparatively more developed soils in the Agoi Ibami and Mfamosing tropical rainforests. Crystalline form of Fe was dominant over amorphous form, with indications of the co-migration of dithionite Fe with clay to the B horizons of the soils. Quartz, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and chlorite-vermiculite-montmorillonite interlayered minerals dominated the clay mineralogy of the studied soils. Mineral transformation places the soils at the transitory stage from the intermediate to the complete stage of soil development. The expanding clay minerals are most likely to increase plant nutrient adsorption and soil fertility status to accommodate the cultivation of a wider range of crops.

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Data availability

The data used in the current study are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The services of Christine Kimpton, and Nuannat Simmons of Soil Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, UK, and the Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences are acknowledged.

Funding

This work was supported by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund of Nigeria (grant number: TETFUND/DAST & D/ UNIV/ CALABAR/ ASTD/ 2017/ VOL. 1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, University of Calabar, Cross River State, PMB 1115Etta Agbor Road, Calabar, 540004, Nigeria

    Kokei Ikpi Ofem & Victoria Francis Ediene

  2. Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada

    Kingsley John

  3. Department of Soil and Land Resources, Taraba State University, Taraba State, PMB 1167, Jalingo, Nigeria

    Patrick Katan Kefas

  4. Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Road, NsukkaNsukka, Enugu State, 410001, PMB, Nigeria

    Alungbe Moses Ede & Victor Ikemefuna Ezeaku

  5. School of Agrifood and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedfordshire, MK43 OAL, UK

    Mark Pawlett

Authors
  1. Kokei Ikpi Ofem
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  2. Kingsley John
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  3. Victoria Francis Ediene
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  4. Patrick Katan Kefas
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  5. Alungbe Moses Ede
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  6. Victor Ikemefuna Ezeaku
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  7. Mark Pawlett
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Contributions

Kokei Ikpi Ofem and Mark Pawlett designed and wrote the initial paper. Kingsley John and Victoria Francis Ediene analyzed the soil samples and did initial grammar check, while Victor Ikemefuna Ezeaku and Alungbe Moses Ede organized the data and references and prepared Fig. 1. Patrick K. Kefas and Kokei Ikpi Ofem were involved in field study and processing of soil samples. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kokei Ikpi Ofem.

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Ofem, K.I., John, K., Ediene, V.F. et al. Pedological data for the study of soils developed over a limestone bed in a humid tropical environment. Environ Monit Assess 195, 628 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11229-2

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