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Ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risks of potential toxic elements: a GIS-based spatial analysis for Doğancı Dam (Turkey)

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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risks at Doğancı Dam, Bursa, Turkey. Potentially toxic element (PTE) concentrations (ppm) were as follows: Fe (55.030) > Al (27.220) > Mn (1053) > Cr (181) > Ni (180) > Zn (95) > Cu (62) > As (17) > Pb (11) > Cd (0.20) > Hg (0.108). As, Pb, Cd, and Hg were enriched anthropogenically, while other PTEs were of natural origin. The contamination severity index (CSI) indicated a moderate PTE contamination in the dam, mostly due to lithogenic effects. According to the modified hazard quotient (mHQ), ecological risk was identified at the level of extreme severity for Ni of lithological origin, of high severity for Cr of considerable severity for As of anthropogenic origin, and of moderate severity for Cu. According to the ecological contamination index (ECI), the dam had an ecological risk of a slight-to-moderate contamination. Health risk index showed no non-carcinogenic health risks in the dam. Mining, highways, and agricultural activities were identified as the primary anthropogenic drivers to be monitored. The ongoing anthropogenic activities in the Nilüfer Stream basin and natural factors affect the ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risk level of the dam.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request via e-mail.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Prof. Dr. A. Evren Erginal for his contributions to developing the project, and Bursa Metropolitan Municipality General Directorate of Water and Sewerage Administration, and Prof. Dr. Abdulah Soykan and Furkan İnan for their support in the field work conducted in this project.

Funding

This study was supported by Balıkesir University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) within the scope of the project coded SB 2019–030.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey

    Şakir Fural

  2. Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities and Literature, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey

    Serkan Kükrer & Dilek Aykır

  3. Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balikesir, Turkey

    İsa Cürebal

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  1. Şakir Fural
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Contributions

Ş.F.: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, investigation, writing — original draft, visualization. S.K.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing – original draft, writing — review & editing. İ.C.: conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, resources, writing — review & editing. D.A.: conceptualization, investigation, validation, writing – original draft, writing — review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Fural, Ş., Kükrer, S., Cürebal, İ. et al. Ecological degradation and non-carcinogenic health risks of potential toxic elements: a GIS-based spatial analysis for Doğancı Dam (Turkey). Environ Monit Assess 194, 269 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09870-4

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