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Occurrence, source identification and ecological risk evaluation of metal elements in surface sediment: toward a comprehensive understanding of heavy metal pollution in Chaohu Lake, Eastern China

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Abstract

In the present study, surface sediment samples from 48 sites covering the whole water area and three main estuaries of Chaohu Lake were collected to determine the concentrations of 25 metal elements using microwave-assisted digestion combined with ICP-MS. Spatial variation, source appointments, and contamination evaluation were examined using multivariate statistical techniques and pollution indices. The results show that for the elements Cd, Pb, Zr, Hf, U, Sr, Zn, Th, Rb, Sn, Cs, Tl, Bi, and Ba, which had higher coefficients of variation (CV), the concentrations were significantly higher in the eastern lake than in the western lake, but other elements with low CV values did not show spatial differences. The accumulation of Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sn, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Tl, Pb, Bi, U, and Th in the surface sediments was inferred as long-term agricultural cultivation impact, but that of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni may have been a natural occurrence. The contribution from industrial and municipal impact was negligible, despite the rapid urbanization around the studied area. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) predicted the contribution from agricultural activities to range from 0.45 ± 1.31 % for Co to 92.7 ± 17.7 % for Cd. The results of the pollution indices indicate that Chaohu Lake was weakly to moderately affected by Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni but was severely contaminated by Hf and Cd. The overall pollution level in the eastern lake was higher than that in the western lake with respect to the pollution level index (PLI). Therefore, our results can help comprehensively understand the sediment contamination by metals in Chaohu Lake.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks go to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41390240) and the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation (No. PCRRF14002) for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Ji-Zhong Wang, Shu-Chuan Peng & Tian-Hu Chen

  2. Laboratory for Nanomineralogy and Environmental Material, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Ji-Zhong Wang, Shu-Chuan Peng & Tian-Hu Chen

  3. Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Liu Zhang

  4. Anhui Academy of Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230071, China

    Liu Zhang

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  1. Ji-Zhong Wang
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Correspondence to Ji-Zhong Wang.

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Wang, JZ., Peng, SC., Chen, TH. et al. Occurrence, source identification and ecological risk evaluation of metal elements in surface sediment: toward a comprehensive understanding of heavy metal pollution in Chaohu Lake, Eastern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 307–314 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5246-4

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