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Trace element fluxes during the “Anthropocene” in a large South American industrial and port area (Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, SE, Brazil)

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Abstract

The worldwide evidence of human activities on the environment led the scientific community to recognize a new geologic time unit known as the “Anthropocene.” Since the twentieth century, urbanization and industrialization needs driven by population and economic growth have impacted several ecosystems including the estuaries. To assess the contamination, provenance, and fluxes of trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sc, V, and Zn) over the last century, a geochemical and chemometric technique was employed in sediment cores of an industrial and port region of international importance, the Santos and São Vicente Estuarine System (SSVES). The results indicated low contamination, with the highest enrichment factors (EFs) for Cu (EF = 3.1), Pb (EF = 2.7), Zn (EF = 2.4), and As (EF = 2.3) found next to the harbor area. The Pre-industrial records confirm the relatively high concentrations of As and its naturally enriched occurrence on the Brazilian shelf. Sediment accumulation rates and trace element fluxes showed a general increase over the years, since the early 1960s, associated with the “Great Acceleration” of the mid-twentieth century. These alterations are human-induced and include urbanization and industrialization. Nonetheless, as the contents and enrichment of trace elements indicate that the region is not severely polluted, we hypothesize that the contamination in the SSVES is likely related to the drainage and erosion of the urbanized adjacent area, rather than direct disposal of inorganic contaminants from the industrial activity.

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Funding

This study was partially supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001 and from the São Paulo Science Foundation (FAPESP, grant 2009/01211–0; 2011/50581–4 and 2017/08987–0), the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP), and the Laboratory of Inorganic Marine Chemistry (LaQiMar).

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  1. Pça. do Oceanográfico. 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil

    José Lourenço Friedmann Angeli, Juliê Rosemberg Sartoretto, Bianca Sung Mi Kim, Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira, Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques & Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira

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  1. José Lourenço Friedmann Angeli
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  2. Juliê Rosemberg Sartoretto
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  3. Bianca Sung Mi Kim
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  4. Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira
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  5. Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
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  6. Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
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Correspondence to José Lourenço Friedmann Angeli.

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Angeli, J.L.F., Sartoretto, J.R., Kim, B.S.M. et al. Trace element fluxes during the “Anthropocene” in a large South American industrial and port area (Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, SE, Brazil). Environ Monit Assess 193, 594 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09378-3

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