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Assessment of the labile fractions of copper and zinc in marinas and port areas in Southern Brazil

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Abstract

The dissolved labile and labile particulate fractions (LPF) of Cu and Zn were analyzed during different seasons and salinity conditions in estuarine waters of marina, port, and shipyard areas in the southern region of the Patos Lagoon (RS, Brazil). The dissolved labile concentration was determined using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT). DGT devices were deployed in seven locations of the estuary for 72 h and the physicochemical parameters were also measured. The LPF of Cu and Zn was determined by daily filtering of water samples. Seasonal variation of DGT–Cu concentrations was only significant (p < 0.05) at one shipyard area, while DGT–Zn was significant (p < 0.05) in every locations. The LPF of Cu and Zn concentrations demonstrated seasonal and spatial variability in all locations, mainly at shipyard areas during high salinity conditions. In general, except the control location, the sampling locations showed mean variations of 0.11–0.45 μg L−1 for DGT–Cu, 0.89–9.96 μg L−1 for DGT–Zn, 0.65–3.69 μg g−1 for LPF–Cu, and 1.35–10.87 μg g−1 for LPF–Zn. Shipyard areas demonstrated the most expressive values of labile Cu and Zn in both fractions. Strong relationship between DGT–Zn and LPF–Zn was found suggesting that the DGT–Zn fraction originates from the suspended particulate matter. Water salinity and suspended particulate matter content indicated their importance for the control of the labile concentrations of Cu and Zn in the water column. These parameters must be taken into consideration for comparison among labile metals in estuaries.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; project no. 4824851/2009) for providing financial support and Coordination of Personnel’s of Superior Level Improvement (CAPES) for the research grants of Luiza Dy. F. Costa. Thanks for Rodrigo R. Pereira of the Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG) for the linguistic support.

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  1. Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 08, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

    Luiza Dy Fonseca Costa & Mônica Wallner-Kersanach

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  1. Luiza Dy Fonseca Costa
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  2. Mônica Wallner-Kersanach
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Correspondence to Luiza Dy Fonseca Costa.

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Costa, L.D.F., Wallner-Kersanach, M. Assessment of the labile fractions of copper and zinc in marinas and port areas in Southern Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 185, 6767–6781 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3063-0

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