Abstract
In studying indoor air quality, the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from wood-based panels and products is considered a main influencing factor. VOCs with low concentrations, even below the detection limit, can also have negative effects. Herein, VOCs emitted from particleboards and laminated boards were collected and analysed by GC-MS, and key odorous VOCs were identified using the odor activity value. Compared with laminated boards, particleboards showed higher concentration of total volatile organic compound (TVOC). Halogenated compounds, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons were main contributors to total VOC emissions, which could relate to the addition of additives used during panel manufacturing. Eleven VOCs were identified that listed as hazardous air pollutants in the US Clean Air Act. Aldehydes were the major contributor to the OAV; most aldehydes have unpleasant odors, such as fatty acids, which contribute to the smell of surrounding air. Octanal was the dominant odorant in the aldehyde compounds.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayrilmis, N., Lee, Y.-K., Kwon, J. H., Han, T.-H., & Kim, H.-J. (2016). Formaldehyde emission and VOCs from LVLs produced with three grades of urea-formaldehyde resin modified with nanocellulose. Building and Environment, 97, 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.009.
Brown, S. K. (2009). Building products as sources of indoor organic pollutants.
Brown, S. K. (2010). Chamber assessment of formaldehyde and VOC emissions from wood-based panels. Indoor Air, 9, 209–215.
Carlson, F. E., Phillips, E. K., Tenhaeff, S. C., & Detlefsen, W. D. (1995). A study of formaldehyde and other organic emissions from pressing of laboratory oriented strandboard. Cuadernos Salmantinos De Filosofía, 45, 71–77.
Claeson, A. S., Nordin, S., & Sunesson, A. L. (2009). Effects on perceived air quality and symptoms of exposure to microbially produced metabolites and compounds emitted from damp building materials. Indoor Air, 19, 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00566.x.
Cometto-MuÇiz, J. E., Cain, W. S., & Abraham, M. H. (2004). Detection of single and mixed VOCs by smell and by sensory irritation. Indoor Air, 14, 10.
Deng, B., Zhang, B., & Qiu, Y. (2016). Analytical solution of VOCs emission from wet materials with variable thickness. Building and Environment, 104, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.05.005.
Felix, J. S., Domeno, C., & Nerin, C. (2013). Characterization of wood plastic composites made from landfill-derived plastic and sawdust: volatile compounds and olfactometric analysis. Waste Management, 33, 645–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.11.005.
Hase, H., & Mitsuda, M. (2012). Effects of room temperature and relative humidity conditions of olfactory threshold, Odor intensity and Hedonics. Journal of Human & Living Environment, 19, 35–43.
He, X., Lau, A. K., Sokhansanj, S., Jim Lim, C., Bi, X. T., & Melin, S. (2012). Dry matter losses in combination with gaseous emissions during the storage of forest residues. Fuel, 95, 662–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.027.
Höllbacher, E., Riedergradinger, C., Strateva, D., & Srebotnik, E. (2015). A large-scale test set-up for measuring VOC emissions from wood products under laboratory conditions in simulated real rooms. Holzforschung, 69, 457–462.
Jiang, C., Li, D., Zhang, P., Li, J., Wang, J., & Yu, J. (2017). Formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from particleboard: identification of odorous compounds and effects of heat treatment. Building and Environment, 117, 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.004.
JSA. (2015). Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes by building products-Small chamber method. Tokyo: Japanese Standard Association.
Lljr, I., Templeton, M. C., Mcgraw, G. W., & Hemingway, R. W. (2000). Knot, heartwood, and sapwood extractives related to VOCs from drying southern pine lumber. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 20, 415–439.
Loftness, V., Hakkinen, B., Adan, O., & Nevalainen, A. (2007). Elements that contribute to healthy building design. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115, 965–970. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8988.
Makowski, M., & Ohlmeyer, M. (2006). Comparison of a small and a large environmental test chamber for measuring VOC emissions from OSB made of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 64, 469–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-006-0123-y.
McGinnis, G. D., Williams, L. S., Monte, A. E., Rughani, J., Niemi, B. A., Flicker, T. M. (2001) Reducing VOC press emission from OSB manufacturing Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports
Nagata, Y., Takeuchi, N. (1990). Measurement of odor threshold by triangle odor bag method
Que, Z.-L., Wang, F.-B., Li, J.-Z., & Furuno, T. (2013). Assessment on emission of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde from building materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 49, 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.01.008.
Shi, N., Liu, Q., Ma, L., Wang, T., Zhang, Q., Li, Y. (2013). Degradation of cellulose into furan derivatives in hot compressed steam. In: the 4th international conference on biorefinery towards bioenergy.
Suzuki, M., Akitsu, H., Miyamoto, K., Tohmura, S.-i., & Inoue, A. (2014). Effects of time, temperature, and humidity on acetaldehyde emission from wood-based materials. Journal of Wood Science, 60, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-014-1397-z.
Takemura, A., Yamanaka, T., Kotani, H., Mitsuda, M. (2003). 40388 Effect of temperature and relative humidity on threshold and sensory evaluation of odor : Part2. Odor of Alpha Pinene, Toluene and Metyl Mercaptan, pp 791–792.
Terry, A., Heinrich, A. (2017). Flavornet and human odor space http://www.flavornet.org/flavornet.html.
TGSCI S. (2017). Odor Index. http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/index.html.
Thompson, A., & Lljr, I. (2006). Variation of terpenes in sapwood and heartwood of loblolly pine: Impact on VOC emissions from drying lumber samples. Forest Products Journal, 56, 80–83.
Tohmura, S. I., Miyamoto, K., & Inoue, A. (2005). Measurement of aldehyde and VOC emissions from plywood of various formaldehyde emission grades. Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 51, 340–344.
Wang, J., Shen, J., Huang, Z., Cao, L. (2010). Impact of hot-pressing parameters and climate temperature on VOC emission from Particleboard.
Wu, C.D., Liu, J.M., Yan, L.C., Chen, H.Y., Shao, H.Q., & Meng, T. (2015). Assessment of odor activity value coefficient and odor contribution based on binary interaction effects in waste disposal plant. Atmospheric Environment, 103, 231-237
Yang, T., Zhang, P., Xu, B., & Xiong, J. (2017). Predicting VOC emissions from materials in vehicle cabins: determination of the key parameters and the influence of environmental factors. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 110, 671–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.049.
Zhao, L., Yu, L., & Xiaodong, Z. (2017). Release control of formaldehyde emission from veneered panels modified with nanoparticles. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2, 21–25.
Funding
This work was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572017CB21), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C2017002), and National College Students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training program (201810225001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Y., Zhu, X., Qin, X. et al. Identification and characterization of odorous volatile organic compounds emitted from wood-based panels. Environ Monit Assess 192, 348 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7939-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7939-5