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Local versus landscape spatial influence on biodiversity: a case study across five European industrialized areas

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Abstract

Land use change—mostly habitat loss and fragmentation—has been recognized as one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide. According to the habitat amount hypothesis, these phenomena are mostly driven by the habitat area effect. As a result, species richness is a function of both the extent of suitable habitats and their availability in the surrounding landscape, irrespective of the dimension and isolation of patches of suitable habitat. In this context, we tested how the extent of natural areas, selected as proxies of suitable habitats for biodiversity, influences species richness in highly anthropogenic landscapes. We defined five circular sampling areas of 5 km radius, including both natural reserves and anthropogenic land uses, centred in five major industrial sites in France, Italy and Germany. We monitored different biodiversity indicators for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including breeding birds, diurnal butterflies, grassland vegetation, odonata, amphibians, aquatic plants and benthic diatoms. We studied the response of the different indicators to the extent of natural land uses in the sampling area (local effect) and in the surrounding landscape (landscape effect), identified as a peripheral ring encircling the sampling area. Results showed a positive response of five out of seven biodiversity indicators, with aquatic plants and odonata responding positively to the local effect, while birds, vegetation and diatoms showed a positive response to the landscape effect. Diatoms also showed a significant combined response to both effects. We conclude that surrounding landscapes act as important biodiversity sources, increasing the local biodiversity in highly anthropogenic contexts.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to FCA and CNH Industrial who involved us in this project and for financing and supporting this research and to Studio Fieschi that collaborated with us on this project. We would like to thank all the staff of all industrial sites for their hospitality and for kindly authorizing our research activities and joining us in the fieldwork. We also thank Barbara Rizzioli, Nestor Viñals, Lorenzo Boggia, Dario Masante, Giacomo Assandri, Alberto Doretto, Sabrina Mossino and Davide Giuliano who helped us in collecting data, and Stefano Mammola and Frederik Hendrickx for their suggestions concerning statistical analysis.

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  1. Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy

    E. Piano, M. Isaia, E. Falasco, G. Soldato & F. Bona

  2. ISPRA, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Ca’ Fornacetta 9, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy

    V. La Morgia

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  1. E. Piano
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Piano, E., Isaia, M., Falasco, E. et al. Local versus landscape spatial influence on biodiversity: a case study across five European industrialized areas. Environ Monit Assess 189, 126 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5824-7

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