Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of cold-induced aggregation microextraction as a fast, simple, and organic solvent-free method for the separation and preconcentration of Se(IV) in rice and various water samples

  • Published:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The developed method is based on cold-induced aggregation microextraction of Se(IV) using the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid as an extractant followed by spectrophotometry determination. The extraction of Se(IV) was performed in the presence of dithizone as the complexing agent. In this method, a very small amount of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was added to the sample solution containing Se-dithizone complex. Then, the solution was kept in a thermostated bath at 50 °C for 4 min. Subsequently, the solution was cooled in an ice bath and a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifuging, the extractant phase was analyzed using a spectrophotometric detection method. Some important parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency were optimized (HCl, 0.6 mol L−1; dithizone, 4.0 × 10−6 mol L−1; ionic liquid, 100 μL). Under the optimum conditions, good linear relationship, sensitivity, and reproducibility were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) (3Sb/m) was 1.5 μg L−1, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.2 % for 30 μg L−1 of Se(IV). The linear range was obtained in the range of 5–60 μg L−1. It was satisfactory to analyze rice and various water samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmadi, F., Assadi, Y., Milani, M. R., & Rezaee, M. (2006). Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector. J Chromatogr A, 1101(1–2), 307–312.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfassi, Z. B., & Wai, Ch. M. (1992). Preconcentration techniques for trace elements, CRC Press

  • Anderson, J. L., Armstrong, D. W., & Wei, G. T. (2006). Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry. Anal Chem, 78, 2892–2902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrahennadi, R., Wayland, M., & Pickering, I. J. (2007). Speciation of seleniumin stream insectsusing x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol, 41, 7683–7687.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baghdadi, M., & Shemiran, F. (2008). Cold-induced aggregation microextraction: a novel sample preparation technique based on ionic liquids. Anal Chim Acta, 613, 56–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bem, E. M. (1981). Determination of selenium in the environment and in biological material. Health Perspect, 37, 183–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bidari, A., Hemmatkhah, P., Jafarvand, S., Milani Hosseini, M. R., & Assadi, Y. (2008). Selenium analysis in water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on piazselenol formation and GC–ECD. Microchim Acta, 163, 243–249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. D., & Yahaya, A. H. (1980). Spectrophotometric determination of selenium with dithizone. Anal Chim Acta, 119, 171–174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chamsaz, M., Atarodi, A., Eftekhari, M., Asadpour, S., & Adibi, M. (2013). Vortex-assisted ionic liquid microextraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of trace levels of cadmium in real samples. J Adv Res, 4, 35–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., & Teo, K. C. (2001). Determination of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Anal Chim Acta, 450(1–2), 215–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, P. J. (1986). Organometallic compounds in the environment. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, T. R. (2003). Preconcentration techniques for natural and treated waters: high sensitivity determination of organic and organometallic compounds, cations and anions, Taylor & Francis

  • Dietz, C., Landaluze, J. S., Ximenez-Embun, P., Madrid-Albarran, Y., & Camara, C. (2004). Volatile organo-selenium speciation in biological matter by solid phase microextraction–moderate temperature multicapillary gas chromatography with microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry detection. Anal Chim Acta, 501, 157–167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Djozan, D., Assadi, Y., & Hosseinzadeh Haddadi, S. (2001). Anodized aluminum wire as a solid-phase microextraction fiber. Anal Chem, 73(16), 4054–4058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimzadeh, H., Yamini, Y., Kamarei, F., & Shariati, S. (2007). Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction of trace amounts of mononitrotoluenes from waste water samples. Anal Chim Acta, 549(1), 93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, L. (1984). Overview of analysis of carcinogenic and/or mutagenic metals in biological and environmental samples I. arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium and selenium. Int J Environ Anal Chem, 17, 113–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grabarczyk, M., & Korolczuk, M. (2010). Development of a simple and fast voltammetric procedure for determination of trace quantity of Se (IV) in natural lake and river water samples. J Hazard Mater, 175, 1007–1013.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Junxiong, H. (1994). Pretreatment methodologies of environmental samples. Current status and progress. Environ Chem, 13(1), 95–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z. J., Chang, J., Shan, H. X., & Pan, J. M. (2007). Advance of room temperature ionic liquid as solvent for extraction and separation. Rev Anal Chem, 26, 109–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipiec, E., Siara, G., Bierla, K., Ouerdane, L., & Szpunar, J. (2010). Determination of selenomethionine, selenocysteine, and inorganic selenium in eggs by HPLC–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem, 397, 731–741.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minczewski, J., Chwastowska, J., Dybczyn´ski, R., & Horwood, E. (1982). Separation and preconcentration methods in inorganic trace analysis, Science.

  • Najafi, N. M., Seidi, S., Alizadeh, R., & Tavakoli, H. (2010). Inorganic selenium speciation in environmental samples using selective electrodeposition coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta B, 65(4), 334–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pyrzynska, K. (2002). Determination of selenium species in environmental samples. Microchim Acta, 140, 55–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raynie, D. E. (2004). Modern extraction techniques. Anal Chem, 76(16), 4659–4664.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, F., Kazi, T. G., & Naeemullah Afridi HI Soylak, M. (2012). Temperature controlled ionic liquid-dispersive liquid phase microextraction for determination of trace lead level in blood samples prior to analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with multivariate optimization. Microchem J, 101, 5–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H. B., Kumar, B., Sharma, R. L., & Katyal, M. (1989). Direct spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of mercury (II) in aqueous media as its dithizonate complex in the presence of a neutral surfactant. Analyst, 114, 853–855.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C., Li, C., Zang, X., Han, D., Liu, Z., & Wang, Z. (2007a). Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction combined with on-line sweeping for trace analysis of Strychnos alkaloids in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography J. Chromatogr A, 1143(1–2), 270–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. H., Cheng, D. H., Chen, X. W., Du, Z., & Fang, Z. L. (2007b). Direct extraction of double-stranded DNA into ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and its quantification. Anal Chem, 79, 620–625.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Chen, X., & Jiang, X. (2011). Determination of phthalate esters in water samples by ionic liquid cold-induced aggregation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta, 689, 137–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H., Xia, S. Q., & Ma, P. S. (2005). Use of ionic liquids as ‘green’ solvents for extractions. J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 80, 1089–1096.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhengjun, G., Xinshen, Z., Guohe, C., & Xinfeng, X. (2005). Flow injection kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Se (IV) in seawater. Talanta, 66, 1012–1017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The author thanks the research council at the Payame Noor University for their financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO box 19395–3697, Tehran, Iran

    Reyhaneh Rahnama & Zinat Abed

Authors
  1. Reyhaneh Rahnama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zinat Abed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Reyhaneh Rahnama.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rahnama, R., Abed, Z. Application of cold-induced aggregation microextraction as a fast, simple, and organic solvent-free method for the separation and preconcentration of Se(IV) in rice and various water samples. Environ Monit Assess 186, 4209–4216 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3691-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3691-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation