Abstract
The effects of tobacco waste (TW) application to the soil surface on the accumulation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in clay and loamy sand textural soils at various depths were investigated in two different fields. The tobacco waste had been found to be infected with TMV. Eighteen months after TW application to the soil surface, soils were sampled at 20 cm intervals through to 80 cm depth. The DAS-ELISA method was performed to determine infection of soil with TMV. The viruses persisted in clay soil for a long period compared with loamy sand soil. There was no accumulation of TMV at any depth of loamy sand soil in Experimental Field 2. TMV adsorption to soil particles in 0–60 cm depth of clay soil was determined in all TW treatments in Experimental Field 1. The highest ELISA Absorbance (A405) values in all treatments were determined in the 20–40 cm soil depth that had the highest clay content. ELISA A405 values of TMV at different depths of clay soil gave significant correlations with clay content (r = 0.793**), EC values (r = 0.421**) and soil pH (r = −0.405**). Adsorption of TMV to net negatively charged clay particle surfaces increased with increasing EC values of soil solution. Decreasing soil pH and infiltration rate increased adsorption of TMV to clay particles. Higher infiltration rate and lower clay content in loamy sand soil caused leaching of TMV from the soil profile.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agrios, G. N. (1988). Plant pathology. Virus diseases of tobacco. Third Edition. Academic, (pp. 803).
Allen, W. R. (1981). Dissemination of tobacco mosaic virus from soil to plant leaves under glasshouse conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 3, 163–168.
Allen, W. R. (1984). Mode of inactivation of TMV in soil under dehydrating conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 6, 9–16.
Arif, M., Torrance, L., & Reavy, B. (1994). Improved efficiency of detection of potato mop-top furovirus in potato tubers and the roots and leaves of soil-bait plants. Potato Research, 37, 373–381.
Arli-Sökmen, M., Barker, H., & Torrance, L. (1998). Factors affecting the detection of potato mop-top virus in potato tubers and improvement of test procedures for more reliable assays. Annals of Applied Biology, 133, 55–63.
Bitton, G., Pancorbo, O. C., Overman, A. R., & Gifford, G. E. (1978). Retention of viruses during sludge application to soils. Progress in Water Technology, 25, 2088–2095.
Blake, G. R. (1965). Bulk density. In C. A. Black (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Agronomy no.9 (pp. 381–389). Part I Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.
Broadbent, L. (1976). Epidemiology and control of tomato mosaic virus. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 14, 75–96.
Carlson, G. F., Woodard, F. E., Wentworth, D. F., & Sproul, O. J. (1968). Virus inactivation on clay particles in natural waters. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 40, R98–R106.
Cheo, P. C. (1980). Antiviral factors in soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 62–67.
Cheo, P. C., & Nikoloff, J. A. (1980). The priming effect on rate of tobacco mosaic virus degredation in soil columns. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 883–884.
Chu, Y., Jin, Y., Baumann, T., & Yates, M. V. (2003). Effect of soil properties on saturated and unsaturated virus transport through columns. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 2017–2025.
Clark, M. F., & Adams, A. N. (1977). Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology, 34, 475–483.
Day, P. R. (1965). Particle fractionation and particle size analysis. In C. A. Black (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Agronomy no.9 (pp. 545–567). Part I Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.
De Neve, S., & Hofman, G. (2000). Influence of soil compaction on carbon and nitrogen mineralization of soil organic matter and crop residues. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 30, 544–549.
Erkan, S. (1987). Investigations on the stability of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) in soil. Journal of Turkish. Phytopathology, 16(3), 119–130.
Fillhart, R. C., Bachand, G. D., & Castello, J. D. (1998). Detection of infectious tobamoviruses in forest soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4), 1430–1435.
Gerba, C. P., Wallis, C., & Melnick, J. L. (1975). Fate of wastewater bacteria and viruses in soil. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE, 101, 157–174.
Gilbert, R. G., Gerba, C. P., Rice, R. C., Bouwer, C., Wallis, C., & Melnick, J. L. (1976). Virus and bacteria removal from wastewaterby land treatment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 32, 333–338.
Goyal, S. M., & Gerba, C. P. (1979). Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus, and selected bacteriophages to soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 38(2), 241–247.
Hillel, D. (1982). Introduction to Soil Physics. Academic, 14–28 Oval Road, London.
Ikegashira, Y., Ohki, T., Ichiki, U. T., Higashi, T., Hagiwara, K., & Omura, T. (2004). An immunological system for the detection of Pepper mild mottle virus in soil from green pepper fields. Plant Disease, 88, 650–656.
Kacar, B. (1994). Chemical analysis of plant and soil III. Soil analysis,.Ankara Univ. Fac. of Agric. No:3, Ankara, Turkey.
Kegler, H. E., Fuchs, D., Spaar, D., & Kegler, J. (1995). Viren im Boden und Grundwasser (Übersichtsbeitrag). Archiv fuÉr Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, 29, 349–371.
Komuro, Y., & Iwaki, M. (1969). Presence of tobacco mosaic virus in roots of field-grown tomato plants healthy in appearance. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 35, 294–298.
Lamer, J. M., McGuire, J. M., & Goode, M. J. (1982). Persistence of tomato mosaic virus in tomato debris and soil under field conditions. Plant Disease, 66, 552–555.
Lance, J. C., & Gerba, C. P. (1984). Virus movement in soil during saturated and unsaturated flow. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 47, 335–337.
Lipson, S. M., & Stotzky, G. (1983). Adsorption of reoviruses to clay minerals: Effects of cation exchange capacity, cation saturation, and surface area. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 46, 673–682.
Lipson, S. M., & Stotzky, G. (1987). Interactions between viruses and clay minerals. In V. C. Rao, & L. M. Melnick (Eds.) Human viruses in sediments, sludges and soils (pp. 197–230). Boca Raton, Fla: CRC.
Madejon, E., Lopez, R., Murillo, J. M., & Cabrera, F. (2001). Agricultural use of three (sugar-beet) vinasse composts: Effect on crops and chemical properties of a Cambisol soil in the Guadalquivir river valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 84, 53–65.
Moore, R. S., Taylor, D. H., Reddy, M. M., & Sturman, L. S. (1982). Adsorption of reovirus by minerals and soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 44, 852–859.
Ozgüven, M., Kaya, Z., Yılmaz, M. A., Kırıcı, S., & Tansı, S. (1999). Sigara fabrikası atıklarının gübre olarak değerlendirilmesi. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(1), 43–51.
Powelson, D. K., & Gerba, C. P. (1994). Virus removal from sewage effluents during saturated and unsaturated flow through soil columns. Water Research, 28, 2175–2181.
Rao, V. C., & Melnick, J. L. (1986). Environmental virology. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, D. C.
Schaub, S. A., & Sagik, B. P. (1975). Association of enteroviruses with natural and artificially introduced coloidal solids in water and infectivity of solids-associated virions. Applied Microbiology, 30, 212–222.
Smith, P. R., Campbell, R. N., & Fry, P. R. (1969). Root discharge and soil survival of viruses. Phytopathology, 59, 1678–1687.
Smith, J., & Doran, J. W. (1996). Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. In: J. W. Doran, & A. J. Jones (Eds), Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Spec. Publication 49. SSSA, Madison, WI, (pp. 169–185).
Sobsey, M. D., Dean, C. H., Knuckles, M. E., & Wagner, R. A. (1980). Interactions and survival of enteric viruses in soil materials. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 40, 92–101.
Sobsey, M. D., & Shields, P. A. (1987). Survival and transport of viruses in soils: Model studies. In V. C. Rao, & L. M. Melnick (Eds.) Human viruses in sediments, sludges and soils (pp. 155–177). Boca Raton, Fla: CRC.
Soil Quality Ins. Staff. (1999). Soil Quality Test Kit Guide. Agric. Res. Serv., Natural Resource Cons. Serv., Soil Quality Inst., USDA.
Soil Survey Staff. (1993). Soil Survey Manuel. USDA Handbook No:18 Washington.
Tan, S. H., Nishiguchi, M., Sakamoto, W., Ogura, Y., Murata, M., Ugaki, M., et al. (1997). Molecular analysis of the genome of an attenuated strain of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 63, 470–474.
Tejada, M., & Gonzalez, J. L. (2004). Effects of application of a byproduct of the two-step olive oil mill process on maize yield. Agronomy Journal, 69, 692–699.
Vaughn, J. M., & Laundry, E. F. (1983). Viruses in soils and groundwaters. In G. Berg (Ed.) Viral pollution of environment (pp. 163–210). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRS.
Vaughn, J. M., & Sobsey, M. D. (1983). Method for recovery of enteric viruses from estuarine sediments with chaotrophic agents. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 46, 379–385.
Yoneyama, S. (1988a). Control of P strain of tobacco mosaic virus in sweet pepper. (2) Effects of soil fumigation with methyl bromide in spring season. Proc, Kanto Plant Prot., 35, 53–55.
Yoneyama, S. (1988b). Control of P strain of tobacco mosaic virus in sweet pepper. (3) Effects of soil fumigation with methyl bromide in summer season. Proc. Kanto Plant Prot., 35, 56–57.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gülser, C., Yılmaz, N.K. & Candemir, F. Accumulation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at different depths clay and loamy sand textural soils due to tobacco waste application. Environ Monit Assess 146, 235–242 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0075-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0075-7