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Periwinkle leaf spots and stem lesions caused by Xanthomonas campestris

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Abstract

A bacterial disease of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) was noted in some locations in Mazandaran province of Iran in 1995–1996 and 2016–2017. The affected periwinkle plants had brown necrotic lesions on stems and leaves often late in the growing season. Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped Xanthomonas-like bacteria were consistently isolated from the infected samples. The isolates were confirmed as belonging to the genus Xanthomonas based on their phenotypic features and partial sequence of the 16S rRNA. Further characterization of the isolates by comparison of the concatenated sequences of five housekeeping genes (gyrB, atpD, rpoD, dnaK, fyuA), with those of Xanthomonas species and pathovars retrieved from GenBank, indicated their closest affiliation with Xanthomonas campestris sensu stricto. In a phylogram constructed by the neighbor joining method the isolates clustered with the named pathovars of X. campestris. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by inoculation of periwinkle seedlings, reproduction of symptoms and re-isolation of the isolates from the inoculated plants. Attempts to infect any of a set of hosts of the known pathovars of X. campestris sensu stricto were unsuccessful. Likewise, strains of X. c. pv. campestris and X. c. pv. incana were unable to infect periwinkle plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of a periwinkle leaf spot and stem lesion disease caused by a strain of X. campestris.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Adam J. Bogdanove and Dr. Zoë E. Dubrow for critical feedback. This work was supported by Research and Technology Office, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Esmaeil Basavand & Saman Firouzianbandpey

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

    Heshmatollah Rahimian

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  1. Esmaeil Basavand
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  2. Saman Firouzianbandpey
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  3. Heshmatollah Rahimian
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Correspondence to Esmaeil Basavand.

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No potential conflicts of interest existed, and this study did not involve human participants or animals. All of the authors agreed to this publication.

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Basavand, E., Firouzianbandpey, S. & Rahimian, H. Periwinkle leaf spots and stem lesions caused by Xanthomonas campestris. Eur J Plant Pathol 164, 167–176 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02534-6

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