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Xanthomonas citri infecting teak (Tectona grandis) in Brazil, characterization and copper resistance

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Abstract

Xanthomonas is a bacterial genus that comprises various plant pathogenic species responsible for losses in economically important crops. Between 2016 and 2018, several strains of Xanthomonas were isolated from teak seedlings, from two production sites, displaying bacterial leaf spot symptoms. Through BOX-PCR molecular marker, a clonal nature of these isolates was confirmed among the 26 isolates. Of those, two isolates, UnB-Xtec2D and UnB-XtecTg02(2), were sequenced and presented characteristics similar to other Xanthomonas. Average nucleotide identity identified all isolates as Xanthomonas citri. Multilocus Sequence analysis with a seven gene scheme and phylogenomic with non-recombinant SNPs sites showed teak isolates as closely related to pathovar fuscans and aurantifolii. Type 3 Secretion System Effectors had a unique profile for isolates originally from teak, also, identified recombination regions matched the position of 11 effectors. Host range studies with Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Eucalyptus urograndis (eucalypt) and Citrus latifolia (Tahiti lime) showed teak isolates as capable of causing symptoms on P. vulgaris and C. citriodora aside from teak. None of the isolates presented genes associated with copper resistance or could grow in copper-amended culture media. The probable origin of this Xanthomonas capable of infecting teak is distant from pv. melhusii, originally found in teak plants in India, with a likelihood of being another existing pathovar, as fuscans or aurantifolii which could have suffered a host jump or a new insertion within Brazil.

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Data availability

The genomic sequences generated and analyzed during the current study are available in GenBank/NCBI repository, Bioproject PRJNA561801, accession number NZ_CP048044.1 (isolate UnB-Xtec2D) and accession NZ_CP048712.1 [isolate UnB-XtecTg02(2)]. In addition, both strains are deposited/available at Universidade de Brasília's Collection, in Bacteriology Laboratory from Plant Pathology Department.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Adriane Wendland Ferreira from Embrapa Arroz e Feijão for Xanthomonas citri isolates, Dr. Alice Maria Quezado-Duval from Embrapa Hortaliças for Xanthomonas euvesicatoria for copper assays, Dr. Rafaela Cristina Ferreira Borges for the teak isolate collection and Dr. Carlos Alberto Lopes from Embrapa Hortaliças for reviewing the manuscript.

Funding

This work was funded by CNPq under the project number 424704/2018–8.

Vitória L.B. Monteiro was supported by a scholarship from CNPq, Fernando Lucas de Melo is recipient of CNPq Research Fellowship.

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  1. Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brasília, Brazil

    Vitória Laize Batista Monteiro & Maurício Rossato

  2. Onsite Genomics, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Fernando Lucas Melo

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  1. Vitória Laize Batista Monteiro
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Vitória L.B. Monteiro performed most experiments and analysis

Fernando Lucas de Melo performed the genomic sequencing and sequence assembly

Maurício Rossato designed and directed the project, also performed the comparative genomics analysis

All authors participated on the manuscript write

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Correspondence to Maurício Rossato.

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Monteiro, V.L.B., Melo, F.L. & Rossato, M. Xanthomonas citri infecting teak (Tectona grandis) in Brazil, characterization and copper resistance. Trop. plant pathol. 48, 417–430 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00579-4

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