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Health of elms and Dutch elm disease in Estonia

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Abstract

During three years, 2014–2016, Dutch elm disease (further DED) was investigated on 1225 elm trees at 4 different sampling sites and 2 sub-sites in Estonia. For the first time, both subspecies of the invasive pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi: O. novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi, and O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana, were detected by col1 and cu genes in Estonia and north-eastern Europe. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. americana was identified only at one site in northern Estonia, in Tallinn. In addition, during our assessments, the health of elms there appeared worse than at other sampling sites: O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana demonstrated higher aggressiveness. Simultaneous occurrence of both subspecies and their hybrids was not detected. A repeat survey of 109 elms in 2014 and 2016 demonstrated ca. 22% probability of mortality within 24 months, irrespective of urban vs. rural habitat. In sub-site A1 in Tallinn, O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana has been found since 2013. DED signs were noted on 39% of all 1225 surveyed trees. Among the assessed elm species, Ulmus laevis showed higher resistance than U. glabra: 82% and 66% of trees, respectively, showed high vitality. In addition, no U. laevis trees were found dead, compared to 18% of the U. glabra.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation grants PSG136, IUT21-04, the Estonian Environmental Investments Centre and Estonian University of Life Sciences project P170053MIMK. We would like to thank Dr. Märt Hanso for valuable suggestions and comments to the manuscript and Mr. Terry Bush (from Wisconsin, USA) for the English revision. My very special thanks to the people who helped to collect the samples and data: Guy and Philip Meilleur, Priit Oks, Kirsika Kapp and my volleyball teammates.

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  1. Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi, 5, 51 006, Tartu, Estonia

    Liina Jürisoo, Kalev Adamson, Allar Padari & Rein Drenkhan

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  1. Liina Jürisoo
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  2. Kalev Adamson
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Correspondence to Rein Drenkhan.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 6 List of other isolated and determined fungi from different elm trees’ shoots in all sampling sites
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Jürisoo, L., Adamson, K., Padari, A. et al. Health of elms and Dutch elm disease in Estonia. Eur J Plant Pathol 154, 823–841 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01707-0

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