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Genetic diversity of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Brazil analyzed in different geographic regions and citrus varieties

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Abstract

The bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ - CLas, the agent associated with citrus huanglongbing disease was first reported in Sao Paulo State in 2004 and has spread throughout the citrus-growing regions of Sao Paulo and further to the states of Minas Gerais and Parana. However, little information is available regarding the genetic diversity of CLas since its introduction. Understanding the genetic diversity of this bacterium is important for tracing migration routes and for identifying evolutionary selection forces that may affect the genetic diversity of this pathogen. Total DNA from 199 HLB-diseased citrus species trees was sampled from geographic regions in Sao Paulo, Parana and Minas Gerais states and the CLas isolates were genotyped by simple sequence DNA repeats (SSR). Nei’s genetic diversity index was observed to be low in all populations (HNei = 0.11–0.26). Wright’s fixation index (FST), which measures population genetic differentiation, did not differ significantly between CLas populations from Sao Paulo State and from Minas Gerais, but significant values (FST = 0.118–0.191) of the Parana CLas population distinguish it from the others. Interestingly, higher values (FST = 0.275–0.445) were observed for the CLas populations obtained from different citrus species compared to sweet orange, suggesting that the citrus genotypes could be driven the genetic diversity of CLas. Clustering analysis supports the FST results that split the CLas samples into three genetically distinct populations. These results indicate that genetically homogeneous populations of CLas infect sweet orange plants in various regions of Sao Paulo State and Minas Gerais, but not Parana, suggesting that different introduction events may have occurred for the Sao Paulo and Parana states.

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Acknowledgments

We thank our lab colleagues for constructive suggestions and discussions, and we also thank the growers who granted us access to their farms to collect the samples. The authors, L.B. de Paula thanks CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel) for Master’s degree scholarship and H. D. Coletta-Filho acknowledges CNPq for research fellowship (Proc. No. 313676/2017-8).

Funding

This work was funded by Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - project number 481667/2012–1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Campus de Jaboticabal, Graduate Program in Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

    Larissa Bonevaes de Paula

  2. USDA / San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA

    Hong Lin

  3. Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro/EMBRAPA, Bebedouro, SP, Brazil

    Eduardo Sanches Stuchi

  4. Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Carolina Sardinha Francisco

  5. Instituto Agronômico (IAC)/Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil

    Nágela Gomes Safady & Helvécio Della Coletta-Filho

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  1. Larissa Bonevaes de Paula
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  2. Hong Lin
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  3. Eduardo Sanches Stuchi
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Correspondence to Helvécio Della Coletta-Filho.

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de Paula, L.B., Lin, H., Stuchi, E.S. et al. Genetic diversity of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Brazil analyzed in different geographic regions and citrus varieties. Eur J Plant Pathol 154, 863–872 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01695-1

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