Abstract
Paratylenchus chongqingensis n. sp. extracted from the soil associated with Ophiopogon japonicus in China is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by having the female with a body length of 243–274.5 μm, stylet 21–24.5 μm long, lip region distinctly set off forming a flattened labial disc, lateral field with three lines, lateral vulval flaps distinct, tail with a beak-like and subacute terminus; male with a 224.5–246.5 μm long body, spicules 13–14.5 μm long, stylet lacking and pharynx degenerate, tail tapering gradually, and then becoming narrow abruptly near the terminus, forming a short pointed filiform tail tip. The internal transcribed spacer sequences of the ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) gene of the new species were amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic relationships of this new species with other Paratylenchus spp. using the ITS rRNA gene is given in this study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrássy, I. (2007). Free-living nematodes of Hungary, II (Nematoda errantia). Budapest, Hungarian Natural History Museum.
Bajaj, H. K. (1987). On the species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky (Nematoda: Criconematina) from Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Nematology, 17(2), 318–326.
Brzeski, M. W. (1963). Paratylenchus macrodorus n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchidae), a new plant parasitic nematode from Poland. Bulletin de I’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Classe II, 11, 277–280.
Brzeski, M. W. (1995). Paratylenchinae: morphology of some known species and descriptions of Gracilacus bilineata sp. n. and G. vera sp. n. (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Nematologica, 41(4), 535–565.
Esmaeili, M., Heydari, R., & Ghaderi, R. (2016a). Three species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Kermanshah province, western Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 5(1), 99–113.
Esmaeili, M., Heydari, R., Castillo, P., Bidhendi, M. Z., & Palomares-Rius, J. E. (2016b). Molecular characterisation of two known species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 from Iran with notes on the validity of Paratylenchus audriellus Brown, 1959. Nematology, 18, 591–604.
Esser, R. P. (1992). A diagnostic compendium to species included in Paratylenchinae Thorne, 1949 and Tylenchocriconematinae Raski & Siddiqi, 1975 (Nematoda: Criconematoidea). Nematologica, 38, 146–163.
Geraert, E. (1965). The genus Paratylenchus. Nematologica, 11(3), 301–334.
Ghaderi, R., Kashi, L., & Karegar, A. (2014). Contribution to the study of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Zootaxa, 3841(2), 151–187.
Hooper, D. J., Hallmann, J., & Subbotin, S. A. (2005). Methods for extraction, processing and detection of plant and soil nematodes. In M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, & J. Bridge (Eds.), Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture (2nd ed., pp. 53–86). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
Huang, C. S., & Raski, D. J. (1987). New records of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 from Brazil with descriptions of two new species (Tylenchulidae: Nemata). Journal of Nematology, 19(1), 69–76.
Huelsenbeck, J. P., & Ronquist, F. (2001). Mrbayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17(8), 754–755.
Jairajpuri, M. S. (1982). Three new species of nematodes from sugarcane fields in Nigeria. Revue de Nématologie, 5(2), 241–246.
Loof, P. A. A. (1975). Paratylenchus projectus. CIH descriptions of plant-parasitic nematodes. Set 5, No. 71. Farnham Royal, UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.
Maria, M., Cai, R., Ye, W., Powers, T. O., & Zheng, J. (2018). Description of Gracilacus paralatescens n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) found from the rhizosphere of Bamboo in Zhejiang, China. Journal of Nematology, 50(4), 611–622.
Merny, G. (1966). Nématodes d’Afrique tropicale: un nouveau Paratylenchus (Criconematidae), deux nouveaux Longidorus et observations sur Longidorus laevicapitatus Williams, 1959 (Dorylaimidae). Nematologica, 12(3), 385–395.
Nguyen, C. N., Baldwin, J. G., & Choi, Y. E. (2004). New records of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from Viet Nam with description of Paratylenchus laocaiensis sp. n. Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics, 7(1), 51–75.
Pinochet, J., & Raski, D. J. (1977). New Records of Nematodes from Korea, Including Paratylenchus pandus n. sp. (Paratylenchidae: Nematoda). Journal of Nematology, 9(3), 243–247.
Pramodini, M., & Mohilal, N. (2009). One new and three known species of Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Manipur, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1(3), 177–179.
Raski, D. J. (1962). Paratylenchidae n. fam. with descriptions of five new species of Gracilacus n. g. and an emendation of Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and Criconematidae Thorne, 1943. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29(2), 189–207.
Raski, D. J. (1975a). Revision of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and descriptions of new species. Part I of 3 parts. Journal of Nematology, 7, 15–34.
Raski, D. J. (1975b). Revision of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922, and descriptions of new species. Part II of three parts. Journal of Nematology, 7(3), 274–295.
Raski, D. J. (1976). Revision of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and descriptions of new species. Part III of Three parts. Journal of Nematology, 8(2), 97–115.
Raski, D. J. (1991). Tylenchulidae in agricultural soils. In W. R. Nickle (Ed.), Manual of agricultural nematology (pp. 761–794). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Seinhorst, J. W. (1959). A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica, 4(1), 67–69.
Siddiqi, M. R. (1996). Paratylenchus recisus sp. n. and P. perminimus sp. n. (Criconematina: Paratylenchidae). Afro-Asian. Journal of Nematology, 6(1), 55–58.
Siddiqi, M. R. (2000). Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects (2nd ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
Siddiqi, M. R., & Goodey, J. B. (1964). The status of the genera and subfamilies of the Criconematidae (Nematoda); with a comment on the position of Fergusobia. Nematologica, 9, 363–377.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28(10), 2731–2739.
Thorne, G. & Malek, R. B. (1968). Nematodes of the Northern Great Plains. Part I. Tylenchida (Nemata: Secernentea). South Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota University.
van den Berg, E., Tiedt, L. R., & Subbotin, S. A. (2014). Morphological and molecular characterisation of several Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) species from South Africa and USA, together with some taxonomic notes. Nematology, 16(3), 323–358.
Vrain, T. C., Wakarchuk, D. A., Levesque, A. C., & Hamilton, R. I. (1992). Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 15(6), 563–573.
Wang, J. L., Zhang, J. C., & Gu, J. F. (2011). Method of extracting DNA from a single nematode. Plant Quarantine, 25, 32–35.
Wang, K., Li, Y., Xie, H., Wu, W. J., & Xu, C. L. (2016a). Pin nematode slow decline of Anthurium andraeanum, a new disease caused by the pin nematode Paratylenchus shenzhenensis. Plant Disease, 100, 940–945.
Wang, K., Li, Y., Xie, H., Xu, C. L., & Wu, W. J. (2016b). Morphology and molecular analysis of Paratylenchus guangzhouensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from the soil associated with Bambusa multiplex in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 145, 255–264.
Wang, K., Xie, H., Li, Y., Wu, W. J., & Xu, C. L. (2016c). Morphology and molecular analysis of Paratylenchus nanjingensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from the rhizosphere soil of Pinus massoniana in China. Journal of Helminthology, 90, 166–173.
Yu, Q., Ye, W., & Powers, T. (2016). Morphological and molecular characterization of Gracilacus wuae n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) associated with cow parsnip (Heracleum maximum) in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Nematology, 48(3), 203–213.
Zhuo, K., Liu, X., Tao, Y., Wang, H., Lin, B., & Liao, J. (2018). Morphological and molecular characterisation of three species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) from China, with a first description of the male P. rostrocaudatus. Nematology, 20(9), 837–850.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their thanks to Dongwei Wang for collecting soil samples. This work was supported by a Special Project of Scientific and Technological Basis of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China to Hui Xie (Grant no. 2006FY120100).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest. This article has not been published before and is not concurrently being considered for publication elsewhere.
Human participants and/or animals
No specific permits were required for the described studies.
Informed consent
The authors certify that the work carried out in this research followed the principles of ethical and professional conduct.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Wang, K., Xie, H. et al. Morphology and molecular analysis of Paratylenchus chongqingensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from soil associated with Ophiopogon japonicus in China. Eur J Plant Pathol 154, 597–605 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01684-4
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01684-4