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Molecular identification and mycotoxin production of Lilium longiflorum-associated fusaria isolated from two geographic locations in the United States

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Abstract

Fusarium diseases of Liliaceae crops cause significant losses worldwide. Yet some Fusarium species are found in planta without causing disease or even in a symbiotic relationship with its host. In this study we identified and characterized the Fusarium species isolated from soil, and from healthy and diseased bulbs of Lilium longiflorum grown in New Jersey and Oregon in the United States. The predominant Fusarium species from the Oregon location were F. solani (74%) and F. oxysporum (20%), whereas F. concentricum (43%) and F. proliferatum (26%), both belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC), were the most commonly isolated species from New Jersey. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. concentricum associated with Liliaceae. All of the isolates were characterized with sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. The 24 GFSC isolates were further characterized with mating type, mating population, and mycotoxin analysis. Results showed that all GFSC isolates were MAT-2, suggesting that the populations may be asexually reproducing in the region examined. The majority of the GFSC isolates produced beauvericin. Enniatin A, B, B1 and fusaproliferin were produced by a few isolates. Enniatin A1 and fumonisins were not detected in any of the isolates. Although F. oxysporum and F. solani are well-known bulb pathogens, many isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani, and all of the F. concentricum and F. proliferatum were isolated from asymptomatic bulbs, suggesting their endophytic association with lilies.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Lee Riddle, ELRF, Oregon, USA for supplying us with the commercial varieties of Easter lily bulbs grown in Oregon, and Dr. Richard Merritt, Rutgers University for the NJ grown bulbs. We thank Dr. John F. Leslie and the Fungal Genetic Stock Center (Kansas City, MO, USA) for the tester strains used to establish the mating experiment. We are also grateful to Dr. Kerry O’Donnell for providing us with reference strains of F. concentricum and for his valuable suggestions during the course of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Nimmi Rajmohan, Thomas J. Gianfagna & Ning Zhang

  2. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain

    Giuseppe Meca

  3. Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy

    Antonio Moretti

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  1. Nimmi Rajmohan
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  2. Thomas J. Gianfagna
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  3. Giuseppe Meca
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  4. Antonio Moretti
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  5. Ning Zhang
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Correspondence to Ning Zhang.

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Rajmohan, N., Gianfagna, T.J., Meca, G. et al. Molecular identification and mycotoxin production of Lilium longiflorum-associated fusaria isolated from two geographic locations in the United States. Eur J Plant Pathol 131, 631–642 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9838-7

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