As part of this issue of remembrance of Olli Miettinen we have selected an article that we feel deserves to be re-read: Causal and preventive interdependence. Elementary principles. Scan J Work Environ Health 1982;8:168. You find the open access link here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7156935/. We invited four colleagues to reflect and write on this paper and we publish three Commentaries, of Alfredo Morabia, of Clarice Weinberg, and of Neil Pearce and Sander Greenland who decided to join forces (1-3).