The authors would like to thank Emilie Combalot, Monika Moissonnier; Marie Sanchez and Hélène Tardy of IARC for their meticulous attention to detail in preparing the international data set for analysis and cheerful willingness to look at it all every which way. Lucia Ardoino was invaluable in putting together the show cards and assisting Paolo Vecchia in the Exposure Assessment committee. Kanako Wake and her colleagues at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) also contributed to the work of the Exposure Assessment committee. James Doughty performed miracles implementing the CAPI in several languages and several versions, assisted by Roger Parslow. We would also like to thank Jan Ivar Martinsen for additional programming work. Liz Findlay contributed a great deal to the development of materials and training of interviewers. We would also like to thank all the research assistants and interviewers in the different study centres for their efforts to ensure that the study was carried out with care and with due consideration for the participants.
The Australian team would like to acknowledge the support given to study design and implementation by Associate Professor Michael Besser and Professor Andrew Kaye and the substantial contributions neurosurgery, neuropathology and other clinical staff made to conduct of the study; and to thank the fieldwork staff in Melbourne—Georgina Marr, Tracey McPhail, Fiona Phillips, Hayley Shaw, Yvonne Torn-Broers; and Sydney—Matthew Carroll, Sally Dunlop, Virginia MacDonald and Elizabeth Willows—and the many interviewers for their hard work, and the NSW and Victorian Cancer Registries for aiding case identification. The Canada-Montréal team acknowledges the diligent work of fieldwork staff including Marie-Claire Goulet, Sylvie Plante, Sally Campbell and the interviewer team. We are grateful to Dr. Rafael Glikstein and Dr. Geneviève Matte who contributed to the tumour localisation efforts. The Canada-Vancouver centre wishes to acknowledge the work carried out by Dr. Alison Pope, Patricia Nelson, Nelson Ha, Dr. Kaushik Bhagat and the interviewer team. The Finnish centre thank Dr J J Jääskeläinen (Helsinki University Hospital), Dr S Valtonen (Turku University Hospital), Professor J Koivukangas (Oulu University Hospital), Professor M Vapalahti (Kuopio University Hospital), Dr T Kuurne (Tampere University Hospital) and Professor R Sankila (Finnish Cancer Registry). We would like to thank the French fieldwork team, Mary-Pierre Herrscher, Fatima Lamri, Agnès Boidart, Hélène Gire, Juliette Krassilchik, Judith Lenti, Delphine Maillac, Frédérique Sonnet, Flore Taguiev, Julie Frantz, France Castay, Florian Gay, for their excellent work; Prof. Doyon (Paris) and Dr. Marc Hermier (Lyon) who were actively involved in the both the development of the methodology for tumour localisation and the review of all cases in France; all the hospital services who assisted us in the ascertainment of cases: Lyon - Centre Hospitalier Lyon—Sud (Prof. Dubreuil), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer (Prof. Trouillas, Dr. Honnorat, Prof. Confavreux, Dr. Achiti, Prof. Fisher, Prof. Vallée, Dr.s Farsi and Mahla, Prof. Bret, Dr. Ricci, Prof. Sindou, Prof. Deruty), Hôpital d’instruction des Armées Desgenettes (Dr. Felten), Centre Léon Bérard (Dr. Frappaz), Clinique du Tonkin (Dr. de Garassus, Dr. Brudon); Paris—Hôpital de La Pitié Salpétrière (Prof.s Fohanno and Cornu, Dr. Lopes, Dr. Bloch, Dr. Capelle, Dr. Duffau, Prof. Delattre, Dr. Sanson, Prof. Hauw, Prof. Poirier, Dr. Marsault), Hôpital Foch (Prof. Visot, Dr. Gaillard, Dr. Dupuy, Prof. Chabolle), Hôpital Beaujon (Prof. Sterkers, Dr. Bouccara), Hôpital Lariboisière (Prof. Georges, Dr. Blanquet Dr. Koot,, Prof. Tran Ba Huy), Hôpital Ste Anne (Prof. Roux, Dr. Turak), Fondation Rothschild (Dr. Mouder, Dr. Daguet, Dr. Piekarski), Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce (Prof. Bequet, Prof. Renard, Prof. Desgeorges) Hôpital St Joseph (Dr. Gauthier), Centre Hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy-St Germain en Laye (Dr. Cambon), Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien (Dr. Serre), Centre Hospitalier de Meaux (Dr. Améri); Marseille—Hôpital de la Timone (Prof. Peragut, Dr. Regis), as well as all those in the Departments of medical information and all the hospital personnel, particularly the secretaries and the staff in the medical archives, whose assistance proved essential to the success of the project. The German group wish to thank their team members Dr Eva Böhler, Marianne Brömmel, Stephanie Estel, Iris Hettinger, Melanie Hetzer, Katharina Kunna-Grass, Klaus Schlaefer, Dr Jürgen Wahrendorf and Anna Wilms and all the interviewers for their skilful work. They thank the clinical Interphone team for their support and collaboration (Bielefeld: Prof. Falk Oppel (Neurosurgical clinic), Dr Uwe Dietrich (Neuroradiology), Dr Volkmar Hans (Neuropathology), Heidelberg: Prof. Andreas Unterberg, Prof. Stefan Kunze, Dr Karsten Geletneky (Neurosurgical clinic), Prof. Klaus Sator, Dr Jochen Fiebach (Neuroradiology), Prof. Marika Kiessling (Neuropathology), Mannheim: Prof. Peter Schmiedek, Dr Jochen Tüttenberg (Neurosurgical clinic), Prof. Christoph Groden, Dino Podlesek (Neuroradiology), Prof. Uwe Bleyl, Dr Rainer Grobholz (Neuropathology), Mainz: Prof. Axel Perneczky, Prof. Nico Hopf, Dr Dorothee Koch (Neurosurgical clinic), Prof. Wolf Mann, Prof. Nickalaos Marangos (ENT clinic), Dr Wibke Müller-Forell (Neuroradiology), Prof. Hans Hilmar Göbel (Neuropathology)). The Italian team included Enrica Barbieri, Rita Basili, Caterina Carnovale Scalzo, Edvina Galiè, Massimo Lucibello, Rossella Rossi and Cristiano Tesei. We thank Prof. Bruno Jandolo (IFO Regina Elena) who co-ordinated the Rome hospital network, and the following neurosurgeons, ENT-surgeons, neuroradiologists, pathologists, and health managers: Prof. Umberto Agrillo, Dr. Amalia Allocca Dr. Mostafà Amini, Dr. Cinzia Bernardi, Dr. M. Bonamini, Dr. Loredana Bove, Prof. Luigi Bozzao, Dr. Alessandro Bozzao, Dr. Mario Braga, Dr. Fabrizio Breccia, Dr. Velia Bruno, Dr. Andrea Brunori, Dr. Antonella Buffoni, Prof. Arnaldo Capelli, Prof. Giampaolo Cantore, Prof. Natale Cantucci, Dr. Emanuela Caroli, Prof. Cosimo Cassano, Dr. Alessandra Castelnuovo, Dr. Costanza Cavuto, Prof. Lucia Cecconi, Dr. Franco Cerquetani, Dr. Carla Colacecchi, Dr. Antonio Comberiati, Dr. Valeria D’Alfonso, Dr. Giovanni De Angelis, Dr. Luca de Campora, Prof. Roberto Delfini, Dr. Carlo Della Rocca, Prof. Marco De Vincentiis, Dr. Domenica Di Stefano, Prof. Stefano Esposito, Prof. Alfredo Fabiano, Dr. Francesco Federico, Prof. Luigi Ferrante, Dr. Anna Rita Fetoni, Dr. Letizia Feudi, Prof. Roberto Filipo, Prof. Roberto Floris, Prof. Felice Giangaspero, Dr. Renato Gigli, Dr. Marco Giordano, Prof. Gianfranco Gualdi, Prof. G. Guglielmi, Dr. Massimo Iachetti, Prof. Giorgio Iannetti, Dr. Maria Rosaria Limiti, Prof. Giulio Maira, Dr. Valentina Manciocco, Dr. Annunziato Mangiola, Dr. Ferdinando Marandino, Dr. Luisa Marangoni, Prof. Pasquale Marano, Dr. Stefano Martini, Prof. Maria Enrica Martini Neri, Dr. Luciano Mastronardi, Dr. Arianna Mattioni, Prof. Maurizio Maurizi, Dr. Maria Concetta Mazzeo, Dr. Giuseppe Natali, Dr. Gaetano Nostro, Prof. Emanuele Occhipinti, Prof. Antonio Orlacchio, Prof. Augusto Orlandi, Prof. Fabrizio Ottaviani, Dr. Salvatore Passafaro, Dr. Francesco Saverio Pastore, Dr. Laura Pennesi, Dr. Claudio Maria Pianura, Prof. Roberto Pisa, Dr. Chimene Pistolesi, Prof. Giuseppe Poladas, Dr. Siavash Rahimi, Dr. Emanuela Rastelli, Prof. Antonio Ricci, Dr. P. Rigotti, Dr. Massimo Rimatori, Dr. Rossana Romani, Prof. Giuseppe Santeusanio, Dr. Sergio Santilli, Dr. Marco Scarpinati, Dr. Lauro Sciannamea, Prof. Luigi Sinibaldi, Prof. Giuseppe Spriano, Dr. Maurizio Giovanni Vigili, Dr. Antonello Vidiri, Dr. Massimo Volpe. We are grateful to Dr. Francesco Forastiere, Daniela D’Ippoliti and Stefania Palange (Epidemiologic Unit ASL RME) for their support in case ascertainment and control selection. We acknowledge the collaboration of the Italian mobile phone network operators in providing us with traffic data for the exposure validation studies. The Swedish centre thanks the Swedish Regional Cancer Registries and the hospital staff; especially the following key persons at the hospitals: Dr J Boethius, Dr O Flodmark, Prof. I Langmoen, Dr A Lilja, Dr T Mathiesen, Dr I Olsson Lindblom and Dr H Stibler (Karolinska University Hospital), Dr J Lycke, Dr A Michanek and Prof. L Pellettieri (Sahlgrenska University Hospital), Prof. T Möller and Prof. L Salford (Lund University Hospital), Dr T Bergenheim, Dr L Damber, Prof. R Henriksson and Dr B Malmer (Umeå University Hospital). Prof. Swerdlow’s team in the UK-South included D. Hogben, A. Butlin, J Owens, A Hart, R. Knight, C. Parsley, M. Pelerin, K. Sampson and M Swanwick. The UK South centre thanks Prof. H Møller, Mr B Plewa and Mr S Richards from the Thames Cancer Registry and the following neuropathologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, clinical oncologists, neurologists, other health care staff, administrators and secretaries for the help they provided: Mr DG Hardy, Mr PJ Kilpatrick, Mr R Macfarlane (Addenbrooke’s Hospital); Ms M Cronin, Ms T Foster, Ms S Furey, Dr M G Glaser, Ms F Jones, Mr ND Mendoza, Prof. ES Newlands, Mr KS O’Neill, Mr D Peterson, Ms F Taylor, Prof. J van Dellon (Charing Cross Hospital); Dr JJ Bending (Eastbourne District Hospital); Mr PR Bullock, Mr C Chandler, Mr B Chitnavis, Mr L Doey, Mr RW Gullan, Prof. CE Polkey, Mr R Selway, Mr MM Sharr, Ms L Smith, Prof. AJ Strong, Mr N Thomas (King’s College Hospital); Dr GM Sadler (Maidstone Hospital); Dr S Short (Mount Vernon Hospital); Prof. S Brandner, Mr G Brookes, Mr AD Cheesman, Professor MJ Gleeson, Miss JP Grieve, Mr WJ Harkness, Dr R Kapoor, Mr ND Kitchen, Mrs T Pearce, Mr MP Powell, Dr J Rees, Prof. F Scaravilli, Prof. DT Thomas, Mr LD Watkins (National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery); Mr AR Aspoas, Mr S Bavetta, Mr J C Benjamin, Mr KM David, Mr JR Pollock, Dr E Sims (Oldchurch Hospital); Mrs J Armstrong, Mr J Akinwunmi, Mr G Critchley, Mr L Gunasekera, Mr C Hardwidge, Mr JS Norris, Dr PE Rose, Mr PH Walter, Mr PJ Ward, Dr M Wilkins (Princess Royal Hospital); Prof. TZ Aziz, Prof. D Kerr, Mr PJ Teddy (Radcliffe Infirmary); Ms M Allen, Ms T Dale, Mr R Bradford, Dr C Collis, Prof. AP Dhillon, Mr NL Dorward, Ms D Farraday-Browne, Dr DJ McLaughlin, Mr RS Maurice-Williams, Dr K Pigott, Ms B Reynolds, Ms C Shah, Mr C Shieff, Dr EM Wilson (Royal Free Hospital); Mr F Afshar, Mr HE Ellamushi, Prof. PM Richardson, Mr HI Sabin, Mr J Wadley (Royal London Hospital); Professor M Brada, Dr FH Saran, Mrs D Traish, Mr D Guerrero (Royal Marsden Hospital); Dr S Whitaker (Royal Surrey County Hospital); Dr PN Plowman (St. Bartholomew’s Hospital); Mrs Carole Bramwell, Prof. A Bell, Mr F Johnston, Mr H Marsh, Mr A Martin, Mr PS Minhas, Miss A Moore, Mr S Stapleton, Dr S Wilson (St. George’s Hospital); Dr RP Beaney (St Thomas’ Hospital). The UK-North centre wishes to acknowledge the support of the following neuropathologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, clinical oncologists, neurologists, specialist nurses and administrators based in hospitals located in Scotland (Mr Barlow, Professor I Bone, Ms J Brown, Mr J Crowther, Miss R Dolan, Mr Dunn, Mr MO Fitzpatrick, Mrs M Fraser, Dr R Grant, Dr A Gregor, Mr Johnstone, Mr Lyndsay, Mrs S Macnamara, Miss J Mair, Mr R Mills, Miss Myles, Mr B O’Reilly, Mr V Papanastassiou, Professor R Rampling, Mr Russell, Mr D Sim, Mr P Statham, Mr Steers, Mr Taylor, Prof. Teasdale, Professor I Whittle), west Midlands (Dr JM Anderson, Dr Barbour, Dr CR Barraclough, Dr P Bennett, Dr HG Boddie, Mr Brind, Dr Carey, Mr M Choksey, Mr M Christie, Dr RN Corston, Professor GS Cruickshank, Dr A Detta, Mr P Dias, Dr SJ Ellis, Mr G Flint, Dr DA Francis, Mr AH Grubneac, Mr SP Harland, Dr C Hawkins, Dr T Heafield, Dr RC Hughes, Dr DG Jamieson, Dr A Logan, Mr CHA Meyer, Mrs R Mitchell, Professor K Morrison, Dr P Newman, Dr D Nicholl, Dr S Nightingale, Dr HS Pall, Mr JR Ponsford, Dr A Shehu, Mr Singh, Dr JA Spillane, Mr P Stanworth, Dr B Summers, Mr AR Walsh, Mr J Wasserberg, Professor AC Williams, Dr J Winer, Mr S Zygmunt), Trent (Dr RJ Abbott, Ms Sheila Adams, Mr Ashpole, Mr RDE Battersby, Professor L Blumhardt, Mr P Byrne, Miss M Cartmil, Dr SC Coley, Dr PCritchley, Dr Faraj, Dr A Gibson, Dr P Griffiths, Dr R Grunwald, Dr TJ Hodgson, Mr DT Hope, Dr S Howell, Dr D Jefferson, Mr D Jellinek, Dr N Jordan, Mr A Kemeny, Dr MC Lawden, Professor J Lowe, Dr N Messios, Ms Kirsty Pardoe, Dr S Price, Dr IF Pye, Mr M Radatz, Mr I Robson, Dr K Robinson, Dr C Romanowski, Dr G Sawle, Dr B Sharrock, Professor P Shaw, Dr C Smith, Dr W Temperley, Dr G Venables, Mr B White, Mr AM Whiteley, Dr Wills) and West Yorkshire (Dr Al-Din, Dr D Ash, Dr J Bamford, Dr M Bond, Dr G Bonsor, Dr L Bridges, Dr B Carey, Dr Chakrabarty, Mr P Chumas, Dr D Dafalla, Dr H Ford, Dr Gerrard, Dr Goulding, Dr J Howe, Dr S Jamieson, Dr Johnson, Dr Louizou, Mr P Marks, Dr M Nelson, Dr S Omer, Mr N Phillips, Mr S Ross, Dr I Rothwell, Dr H Spokes, Dr J Straiton, Mr G Towns, Nr A Tyagi, Mr P Vanhille, Dr M Busby).
This study was conducted with funding from the European Fifth Framework Program, “Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources” (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563) and the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the INTERPHONE study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed INTERPHONE’s complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at http://www.iarc.fr/ENG/Units/RCAd.html/. The Australian centre was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (EME Grant 219129); Bruce Armstrong is supported by a University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant and Julianne Brown by an Australian Postgraduate Award. The Cancer Council NSW and The Cancer Council Victoria provided most of the infrastructure for the project in Australia. The Canada-Montréal data collection was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project MOP-42525). Dr. Siemiatycki had salary support from the Canada Research Chair programme. Dr. Parent had salary support from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. The other Canadian centres were supported by a university-industry partnership grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association. The CIHR university-industry partnerships program also includes provisions that ensure complete scientific independence of the investigators. D. Krewski is the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. The Danish centre was supported by the Danish Cancer Society and the Finnish centre by the Emil Aaltonen Foundation and the Academy of Finland. Additional funding for the study in France was provided by l’Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC: Contrat No. 5142) and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom). The funds provided by the operators represented 5% of the total cost of the French study and were governed by contracts guaranteeing the complete scientific independence of the investigators. In Germany additional funds were received from the German Mobile Phone Research Program (Deutsches Mobilfunkforschungsprogramm) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nuclear Safety, and Nature Protection; the Ministry for the Environment and Traffic of the state of Baden-Württemberg; the Ministry for the Environment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia; the MAIFOR Program (Mainzer Forschungsforderungsprogramm) of the University of Mainz. The study conducted in Japan was fully funded by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan. In New Zealand, funding was provided by the Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation and the Cancer Society of New Zealand. The Swedish centre was also supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Cancer Society. Additional funding for the UK-North & UK-South studies was received from the Mobile Telecommunications, Health and Research (MTHR) program and the UK-North study received funding from the Health and Safety Executive, the Department of Health, the UK Network Operators (O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone, ‘3’) and the Scottish Executive.