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Remediation of lead-contaminated groundwater by oyster shell powder–peanut shell biochar mixture

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Abstract

Groundwater pollution caused by lead ions has become a widespread issue worldwide due to the ever-increasing development of industrial activities. Such pollution poses significant threats to both humans and the environment. Oyster shell powder–peanut shell biochar mixture (OSP–PSB mixture) was used for lead-contaminated groundwater treatment by permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Basic characteristics of materials proved that OSP–PSB mixture has good adsorption properties; OSP with particle sizes ranging from 0.85 to 1.18 mm was used in this research; according to engineering and adsorption characteristics, OSP–PSB mixture (5:1) showed excellent permeability (4.35 × 10−4 cm/s) and lead adsorption capacity(27 mg/g); long-term permeability of the OSP–PSB mixture slightly decreased over time and met the permeability requirements for PRB; the removal mechanisms of lead ions by OSP–PSB mixture include precipitation, surface complexation, ion exchange, and physical adsorption. The experiment results showed that the OSP–PSB mixture fulfills the actual project requirements of PRB.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51978438) (No.52281340410); Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi, China (No.202103021223122); School Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology (No.2022QN044).

Funding

This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51978438) (No.52281340410); Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province, China (No.202103021223122); Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2023-060); School Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology (No.2022QN044). This research was supported by Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant NO.SKLGME022012.

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  1. Shiqi Chang, Xin Xu, Jiashi Li and Hefu Pu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Xiaofeng Liu, Xiaoqiang Dong, Shiqi Chang, Jiashi Li & Hefu Pu

  2. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, China

    Xin Xu

  3. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Hefu Pu

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. XL did experiments, image rendering, data analysis, writing—original draft; XD was involved in supervision, validation, and review; SC done sample analyses, data interpretation and presentation; XX and JL performed methodology and sample collection; HP reviewed and edited the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Liu, X., Dong, X., Chang, S. et al. Remediation of lead-contaminated groundwater by oyster shell powder–peanut shell biochar mixture. Environ Geochem Health 45, 9599–9619 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01756-9

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