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Parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from coal seam fire at Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China: characteristics, spatial distribution, sources, and health risk assessment

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Abstract

The Wuda coalfield in Inner Mongolia is a vital coal base in China, and it is the hardest-hit area for coal fires (spontaneous combustion of coal seams and coal gangue). Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, this work tested the concentration and analyzed the characteristics, distribution, sources, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the surface soil of the Wuda District, including the coal mine, coal fire, agricultural, and background areas. The soil of coal mine and coal fire area were heavily polluted with PACs, with mean concentrations of 9107 and 3163 µg kg−1, respectively, considerably higher than those in the agricultural (1232 µg kg−1) and background areas (710 µg kg−1). Alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (APAHs) were the dominant pollutants among these PACs, accounting for 60–81%. Alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl phenanthrenes are the primary pollutants in APAHs, accounting for 80–90% of the total amounts. Additionally, using the positive matrix factorization method, it can be concluded that the primary PAC sources are petrogenic sources, coal and biomass combustion, coal fires, and vehicle emissions. Finally, according to the cancer risk values of 16 PAHs, only the coal mine area showed a potential cancer risk. However, this result lacks a risk assessment of APAHs and underestimates the actual risk. The results of this study improved the understanding of PAC pollution in coal fire and surrounding areas and provided a reference for environmental and health risk investigations.

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Data availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41772157; 41902172) and Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining (SKLCRSM21KFA11).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yahui Qian, Handong Liang & Cai Tie

  2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Yahui Qian

  3. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Keyue Yuan, Jing Wang, Zhenpeng Xu & Handong Liang

  4. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Cai Tie

Authors
  1. Yahui Qian
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  2. Keyue Yuan
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  3. Jing Wang
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  4. Zhenpeng Xu
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  5. Handong Liang
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  6. Cai Tie
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Contributions

YQ: Conceptualization, sample analyses, data interpretation and presentation, writing original draft; KY: Data analysis; JW: Sample collection; ZX: Experiments, image rendering; HL: Supervision, validation, review; CT: Validation, review.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cai Tie.

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Qian, Y., Yuan, K., Wang, J. et al. Parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from coal seam fire at Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China: characteristics, spatial distribution, sources, and health risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7323–7337 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01476-0

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