Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as priority organic pollutants, are capable of accumulation in plants. Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight PAH in the environment which is commonly used as a model PAH in many phytoremediation studies and as a representative compound for all PAHs group. This paper highlights the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Phe by growing proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in a pot experiment, subjected to 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm of Phe treatment after 15 and 30 days. Phe naturally existed in P. miliaceum and its concentration showed a time-dependent reduction in treated plant tissues as well as in perlites. Phe concentration in shoots was higher than in roots. During the aging process, the uptake of Phe was diminished whereas translocation factor (TF) demonstrated an overall increasing trend among treatments. The shoot concentration factor (SCF) values were higher than those of root concentration factor (RCF) on both days 15 and 30 and the highest values for both parameters were achieved in 500 ppm of Phe. Both RCFs and SCFs generally tended to decrease with the increase of perlite Phe concentrations. These results suggested that Phe tended to transfer to the shoots and be metabolized there. The Phe concentration revealed a significant decline in all levels of treatment on both 15 (84 to 96%) and 30 (76 to 94%) days. Therefore, the presence of P. miliaceum was effective in promoting the phytoremediation of Phe polluted perlites.
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The authors thank the Research Affairs of the University of Tabriz for financial and other supports.
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The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation project on the development of the Young Scientist Laboratory (no. LabNOTs-21-01AB). The research was supported by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University (“Priority 2030”).
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ST: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft. RM: supervision, project administration, data curation, writing—review and editing. SYSL: data curation, visualization, investigation. EMK: investigation formal analysis. SS: data curation, validation, formal analysis. TM: writing—reviewing and editing, supervision.
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Tarigholizadeh, S., Motafakkerazad, R., Salehi-Lisar, S.Y. et al. Phenanthrene uptake and translocation by Panicum miliaceum L. tissues: an experimental study in an artificial environment. Environ Geochem Health 45, 9281–9292 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01294-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01294-w