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Multiple exposure pathways and health risk assessment of potentially harmful elements for children and adults living in a coal region in Brazil

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Abstract

Energy generated by coal can contaminate the environment by releasing toxic elements, including metals. The human health risk assessment (HHRA) associated with geographic information system (GIS) tools can assist the management of contaminated areas, such as coal mining areas. The objective of the study was to carry out the assessment and spatialization of the risk to human health of potentially hazards elements (PHEs) in the soil for children and adults, from multiple exposure routes (oral, inhalation and dermal) in the Candiota mines, largest coal mining region of Brazil. The non-carcinogenic risks (HQ) of PHEs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cd, As and Se) and carcinogenic risks of As were estimated and spatialized. The results revealed a risk for children exposure to Mn, with greatest contribution through dermal route. Mn (HQderm 72.41–96.09% and HQinh 40.84–82.52%) and Fe (HQo 43.90–81.44%) were the metals with greatest contribution to human health risk among studied population. As did not present carinogenic risk to adults. The spatial distribution of non-carcinogenic risk showed that Cr, As, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu have higher HInc close to the coal mining areas, while Mn, Se and Cd have the highest HInc values in surrounding municipalities (Pinheiro Machado; Pedras Altas and Hulha Negra). The use of HHRA associated with GIS tools provides important elements for decision-making in the management of contaminated sites, indicating chemical elements, locations, routes of exposure and priority target populations.

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Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, the Institutional Program for Internationalization (CAPES-PrInt) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—310856/2020–5.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

    Paula Florencio Ramires, Marina dos Santos, Maria Laura Fiasconaro & Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior

  2. Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos E Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

    Paula Florencio Ramires, Marina dos Santos & Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior

  3. Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

    Soraya Paz-Montelongo & Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz

  4. Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil

    Diana Adamatti

  5. CONICET - UNL, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnologico Paraara La Industria Quimica (Intec), Ruta Nacional - Paraje “El Pozo”, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Maria Laura Fiasconaro

Authors
  1. Paula Florencio Ramires
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  2. Marina dos Santos
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  3. Soraya Paz-Montelongo
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  4. Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz
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  5. Diana Adamatti
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  6. Maria Laura Fiasconaro
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  7. Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
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Contributions

The study is part of Paula Ramires’ Doctoral Thesis. All authors read and approved the final version of the article. PFR was responsible for collecting and interpreting the data, preparing the maps and writing the text. MS and MLF were responsible for reviewing the data, analyzing and interpreting the data. DA was responsible for reviewing the equations, calculations and values used in the Risk Assessment model. SPM and CRA were responsible for correcting the text, discussing the results. FMRSJ was the study supervisor.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior.

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Ramires, P.F., dos Santos, M., Paz-Montelongo, S. et al. Multiple exposure pathways and health risk assessment of potentially harmful elements for children and adults living in a coal region in Brazil. Environ Geochem Health 45, 305–318 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01234-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01234-8

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