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An integrated overview of metals contamination, source-specific risks investigation in coal mining vicinity soils

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Abstract

Heavy metals in soil are harmful to natural biodiversity and human health, and it is difficult to estimate the effects accurately. To reduce pollution and manage risk in coal-mining regions, it is essential to evaluate risks for heavy metals in soil. The present study reviews the levels of 21 metals (Nb, Zr, Ag, Ni, Na, K, Mg, Rb, Zn, Ca, Sr, As, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cd, Co, Hg, Cu, Mn and Ti) in soils around Barapukuria coal-mining vicinity, Bangladesh which were reported in literature. An integrated approach for risk assessments with the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, source-oriented ecological and health hazards were applied for the study. The contents of Rb, Ca, Zn, Pb, As, Ti, Mn, Co, Ag, Zr, and Nb were 1.63, 1.10, 1.97, 14.12, 1.20, 3.13, 1.22, 3.05, 3.85, 5.48, and 7.21 times greater than shale value. About 37%, 67%, 12%, and 85% of sampling sites posed higher risks according to the modified contamination factor, Nemerow pollution index, Nemerow integrated risk index, and mean effect range median quotient, respectively. Five probable metal sources were computed, including industrial activities to coal mining (17%), agricultural activities (33%), atmospheric deposition (19%), traffic emission (16%), and natural sources (15%). Modified Nemerow integrated risk index reported that agricultural activities, industrial coal mining activities, and atmospheric deposition showed moderate risk. Health hazards revealed that cancer risk values computed by the PMF-HHR model with identified sources were higher than the standard value (1.0E−04) for children, adult male, and female. Agricultural activities showed higher cancer risks to adult male (39%) and children (32%) whereas traffic emission contributed to female (25%). These findings highlight the ecological and health issues connected to potential sources of metal contamination and provide useful information to policymakers on how to reduce such risks.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the reviewers of the manuscript for their valuable comments and suggestions during the review process.

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through small group Research Project under grant number RGP1/120/44.

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Author notes

  1. Ram Proshad and Abubakr M. Idris have contributed equally to the study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh

    Krishno Chandra

  2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Ram Proshad

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Ram Proshad

  4. Department of Environmental Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh

    Maksudul Islam

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia

    Abubakr M. Idris

  6. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia

    Abubakr M. Idris

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  1. Krishno Chandra
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  2. Ram Proshad
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  3. Maksudul Islam
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Contributions

KC: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. RP: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing—original draft. MI: Draw—spatial map, Writing—review and editing. AMI: Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ram Proshad.

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Chandra, K., Proshad, R., Islam, M. et al. An integrated overview of metals contamination, source-specific risks investigation in coal mining vicinity soils. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7425–7458 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01672-y

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