Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Appraisal of subsurface hydrogeochemical processes in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of south India based on mass transfer and fuzzy comprehensive modeling

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The main aim of the present study was to examine the quality of the groundwater and decipher the sources of groundwater fluoride through mass balance modeling based on fluoride exposure in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of southern India. This was achieved by hydrogeochemical analysis, graphical methods, and mass transfer modeling approaches. Fuzzy comprehensive technique was applied to evaluate the quality of groundwater for groundwater management. In this regard, 61 groundwater samples were obtained from open wells and bore wells and analyzed for different physicochemical parameters. The major cation and anion abundances follow the order Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl− > HCO3− > SO42− > NO3− > PO43−. About 88.4% and 34.4% of the total water samples were dominated with Na+ and Cl− ions in this region, respectively. The fluoride level in groundwater ranged from 0.10 to 3.30 mg/l with a mean value of 1.04 mg/l. Nearly 25% of the groundwater samples collected from 15 villages showed fluoride concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l as per the World Health Organization recommendations for human intake. More than 85% of the samples fell under strong acid (Cl− and SO42−) type. The amount of groundwater salinization in this region was 70.5% since the Revelle index (RI) was excess in the groundwater samples (RI > 0.5 meq/l). Silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution were the dominant geogenic processes in the aquifer system influencing groundwater chemistry and nullified the possibility of carbonate dissolution. Saturation indices revealed the contribution of sequestration of CaCO3 in F− enrichment. Total dissolved solids showed strong positive correlations with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42− and NO3− indicating the contribution of anthropogenic inputs to groundwater chemistry in addition to geogenic sources. The results of the fuzzy comprehensive method indicated that 33% of the groundwater samples fell under fair water type, 2% and 11% of the samples fell under poor and very poor quality water types, respectively. Therefore, this work will be helpful for the decision-makers to plan for the sustainable management of groundwater resources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Abadi, A. M. (2017). Modeling of groundwater productivity in northeastern Wasit Governorate, Iraq using frequency ratio and Shannon’s entropy models. Applied Water Science, 7(2), 699–716.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, S. A., & Ali, U. (2018). Hydrochemical characteristics and spatial analysis of groundwater quality in parts of Bundelkhand Massif, India. Applied Water Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0678-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, B., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., Srinivasamoorthy, K., & Raneesh, K. Y. (2017). Prioritization of subwatersheds based on quantitative morphometric analysis in lower Bhavani Basin, Tamil Nadu, India using DEM and GIS techniques. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 24(10), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3312-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, B., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., Srinivasamoorthy, K., & Suresh, M. (2019). Long-term trend detection and spatiotemporal analysis of groundwater levels using GIS techniques in Lower Bhavani River basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00318-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • APHA. (1999). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (20th ed.). Washington DC: American Public Health Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aravinthasamy, P., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., Anand, B., Roy, P. D., & Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2019a). Fluoride contamination in groundwater of the Shanmuganadhi River Basin (south India) and its association with other chemical constituents using geographical information system and multivariate statistics. Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2019.125555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aravinthasamy, P., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., Srinivasamoorthy, K., & Anand, B. (2019b). Geochemical evaluation of fluoride contamination in groundwater from Shanmuganadhi River basin, South India: Implication on human health. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00452-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arya, S., & Subramani, T. (2015). Groundwater flow and fluctuation using GIS in a hard rock region, South India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44(9), 1422–1427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arya, S., Subramani, T., Vennila, G., & Karunanidhi, D. (2019). Health risks associated with fluoride intake from rural drinking water supply and inverse mass balance modeling to decipher hydrogeochemical processes in Vattamalaikarai River basin. South India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00489-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arya, S., Subramani, T., Vennila, G., & Roy, P. D. (2020). Groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the semi-arid Vattamalaikarai river basin of south India thorough DRASTIC index evaluation. Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arya, S., Vennila, G., & Subramani, T. (2018). Spatial and seasonal variation of groundwater levels in Vattamalaikarai River basin, Tamil Nadu, India—study using GIS and GPS. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 47(9), 1749–1753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahar Gogani, M., Douzbakhshan, M., Shayesteh, K., & Ildoromi, A. (2018). New formulation of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model in groundwater resources carrying capacity analysis. IQBQ, 6(2), 79–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, A., Hilali, A., Baghdadi, M. E., & Touhami, F. (2019). Assessment of shallow groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purpose near the Beni-Mellal wastewater treatment lagoon (Morocco). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1584029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biddau, R., Cidu, R., Lorrai, M., & Mulas, M. G. (2017). Assessing background values of chloride, sulfate and fluoride in groundwater: A geochemical-statistical approach at a regional scale. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 181, 243–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brindha, K., Jagadeshan, G., Kalpana, L., & Elango, L. (2016). Fluoride in weathered rock aquifers of southern India: Managed aquifer recharge for mitigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 8302–8316.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Central Ground Water Board South Eastern Coastal Region Chennai February (2008).

  • Chen, J., Lv, L., & Wang, M. (2010). Groundwater quality evaluation based on fuzzy comprehensive method. Fuzzy Information and Engineering, 2010, 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14880-4_49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Qian, H., & Wu, H. (2017a). Nitrogen contamination in groundwater in an agricultural region along the New Silk Road, northwest China: Distribution and factors controlling its fate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(15), 13154–13167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J., Wu, H., Qian, H., & Gao, Y. (2017b). Assessing nitrate and fluoride contaminants in drinking water and their health risk of rural residents living in a semiarid region of Northwest China. Exposure and Health, 9(3), 183–195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chidambaram, S., Bala Krishna Prasad, M., Manivannan, R., Karmegam, U., Singaraja, C., Anandhan, P., et al. (2012). Environmental hydrogeochemistry and genesis of fluoride in groundwaters of Dindigul district, Tamilnadu (India). Environmental Earth Sciences, 68(2), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1741-9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, P. S., & Tyagi, S. K. (1996). Major ion chemistry of groundwater in Delhi area: Chemical weathering process and groundwater flow regime. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 47, 179–188.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emenike, C. P., Tenebe, I. T., & Jarvis, P. (2018). Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in Southwestern Nigeria: Assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156, 391–402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fijani, E., Moghaddam, A. A., Tsai, F. T.-C., & Tayfur, G. (2016). Analysis and Assessment of Hydrochemical Characteristics of Maragheh-Bonab Plain Aquifer, Northwest of Iran. Water Resources Management, 31(3), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1390-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GSI. (1995). Geological and mineral map of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. Published by the Director General Geological Survey of India on 1: 500,000 scale.

  • Hanipha, M. M., & Hussain, Z. A. (2013). Study of groundwater quality at Dindigul town, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Environmental Science, 2(1), 68–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song He, Jianhua Wu, (2019) Hydrogeochemical Characteristics, Groundwater Quality, and Health Risks from Hexavalent Chromium and Nitrate in Groundwater of Huanhe Formation in Wuqi County, Northwest China. Exposure and Health 11 (2):125–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiaodong He, Jianhua Wu, Song He, (2019) Hydrochemical characteristics and quality evaluation of groundwater in terms of health risks in Luohe aquifer in Wuqi County of the Chinese Loess Plateau, northwest China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 25 (1-2):32–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, D., Yang, J., Wei, X., Qin, J., Ou, S., Zhang, Z., et al. (2017). Probabilistic risk assessment of Chinese residents’ exposure to fluoride in improved drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas. Environmental Pollution, 222, 118–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, G., Liu, C., Sun, J., Zhang, M., Jing, J., & Li, L. (2018). A regional scale investigation on factors controlling the groundwater chemistry of various aquifers in a rapidly urbanized area: A case study of the Pearl River Delta. Science of the Total Environment, 625, 510–518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussin, N. H., Yusoff, I., Wan Muhd Tahir, W. Z., Mohamed, I., Ibrahim, A. I. N., & Rambli, A. (2016). Multivariate statistical analysis for identifying water quality and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in Quaternary deposits in the Lower Kelantan River Basin, Malaysian Peninsula. Environmental Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5705-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islam, A. R. M. D., Ahmed, N., Bodrud-Doza, M., & Chu, R. H. (2017). Characterizing groundwater quality ranks for drinking purposes in Sylhet district, Bangladesh, using entropy method, spatial autocorrelation index, and geostatistics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 26350–26374.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Deepali, M., Subramani, T., & Roy, P. D. (2020). The effects of geochemical processes on groundwater chemistry and the health risks associated with fluoride intake in a semi-arid region of South India. RSC Advances, 10(8), 4840–4859. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10332e.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Roy, P. D., Praveenkumar, R. M., Prasanth, K., Selvapraveen, S., et al. (2020b). Evaluation of non-carcinogenic risks due to fluoride and nitrate contaminations in a groundwater of an urban part (Coimbatore region) of south India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-8059-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Subramani, T., & Muthusankar, G. (2020c). Revealing drinking water quality issues and possible health risks based on water quality index (WQI) method in the Shanmuganadhi River basin of South India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00613-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Subramani, T., Roy, P. D., & Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2019a). Risk of fluoride-rich groundwater on human health: Remediation through managed aquifer recharge in a hard rock terrain, South India. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09592-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Subramani, T., Wu, J., & Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2019b). Potential health risk assessment for fluoride and nitrate contamination in hard rock aquifers of Shanmuganadhi River basin, South India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1568859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Zhou, H., Qian, K., Xie, X., Xue, X., Yang, Y., et al. (2017a). Fluoride and iodine enrichment in groundwater of north China plain: Evidences from speciation analysis and geochemical modelling. Science of the Total Environment, 598, 239–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, P., He, S., Yang, N., Xiang, G., et al. (2018). Groundwater quality assessment for domestic and agricultural purposes in Yan’an City, northwest China: Implications to sustainable groundwater quality management on the Loess Plateau. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(23), 775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-2018-7968-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, P., Wu, J., Qian, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, N., Jing, L., et al. (2016). Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in and around a wastewater irrigated forest in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, Northwest China. Exposure and Health, 8(3), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0193-y.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Xu, Z., Fu, X., Hou, G., et al. (2007). Mass balance simulation and its application to refining flow field in Binchang area, China. Environmental Geology, 52(4), 739–745.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., Zhou, B., Teng, D., Yang, W., & Qiu, D. (2017b). Comprehensive evaluation method of groundwater environment in a mining area based on fuzzy set theory. Geosystem Engineering, 21(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2017.1386594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M., Xiao, C., & Liang, X. (2019). The hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater in Shuangliao City, China. E3S Web of Conferences, 98, 01034. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199801034.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, X., Li, L. Y., Lei, K., Wang, L., Zhai, Y., & Zhai, M. (2009). Water quality assessment of Wei River, China using fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Environ Earth Sci, 60, 1693–1699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0303-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade, D., & Malpe, D. B. (2014). Assessment of extent and variability of nitrate contamination in shallow and deep aquifers of an urban area, India. Journal of Applied Geochemistry, 16(1), 45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade, D., Malpe, D. B., & Subbarao, N. (2019a). Applications of geochemical and multivariate statistical approaches for the evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risks in a semi-arid region of eastern Maharashtra, India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 1, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00478-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade, D., Malpe, D. B., Subbarao, N., et al. (2015). Identification of controlling processes of groundwater quality in a developing urban area using principal component analysis. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74, 5919–5933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4616-z.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade, D., Malpe, D. B., Subbarao, N., Sunitha, B., et al. (2019b). Geochemical assessment of fluoride enriched groundwater and health implications from a part of Yavtmal District, India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039-2018-1528862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade, D., Malpe, D. B., Subbarao, N., Sunitha, B., et al. (2019c). Geochemical assessment of fluoride enriched groundwater and health implications from a part of Yavtmal District, India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1528862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed, A., Dan, L., Kai, S., Mohamed, M., Aldaw, E., & Elubid, B. (2019). Hydrochemical analysis and fuzzy logic method for evaluation of groundwater quality in the North Chengdu Plain, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(3), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030302.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed, A. K., Liu, D., Mohamed, M. A. A., & Song, K. (2018). Groundwater quality assessment of the Quaternary unconsolidated sedimentary basin near the Pi river using fuzzy evaluation technique. Applied Water Science, 8, 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0711-0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, I., & Singh, U. K. (2018). Groundwater fluoride contamination, probable release, and containment mechanisms: A review on Indian context. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0096-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, I., & Singh, U. K. (2019). Fluoride abundance and their release mechanisms in groundwater along with associated human health risks in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of east India. Microchemical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.104304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, I., Singh, U. K., & Patra, P. K. (2019). Exploring a multi-exposure-pathway approach to assess human health risk associated with groundwater fluoride exposure in the semi-arid region of east India. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejatijahromi, Z., Nassery, H. R., Hosono, T., Nakhaei, M., Alijani, F., & Okumura, A. (2019). Groundwater nitrate contamination in an area using urban wastewaters for agricultural irrigation under arid climate condition, southeast of Tehran, Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 221, 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.04.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palanisamy, A., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T., & Roy, P. D. (2020). Demarcation of groundwater quality domains using GIS for best agricultural practices in the drought-prone Shanmuganadhi River basin of South India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08518-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parkhurst, D. L., Appelo, C. A. J. (1999). User’s guide to PHREEQC (version 2): A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. United States Geological Survey. Water resources investigations report 99-4259, Washington DC.

  • Piper, A. M. (1944). A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 25, 914–928.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Revelle, R. (1941). Criteria for recognition of the sea water in ground-waters. EOS. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 22, 593–597. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR022i003p00593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rina Kumar, P., Datta, S., Rao, M. S., Mukherjee, S., Azad, C., et al. (2018). Anthropogenic perturbations induced groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the industrial Faridabad District, Haryana, India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu, P., Kisku, G. C., Singh, P. K., Kumar, V., Kumar, P., & Shukla, N. (2018). Multivariate statistical interpretation on seasonal variations of fluoride-contaminated groundwater quality of Lalganj Tehsil, Raebareli District (UP), India. Environmental Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7658-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. P., Chakrabarti, S., Kumar, S., & Singh, A. (2017). Assessment of air quality in Haora River basin using fuzzy multiple-attribute decision making techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6075-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, G., Rishi, M. S., Herojeet, R., Kaur, L., & Sharma, K. (2019). Evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risks from fluoride and nitrate in semi-arid region of northern India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00449-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasamoorthy, K., Chidambaram, M., Prasanna, M. V., Vasanthavigar, M., John Peter, A., & Anandhan, P. (2008). Identification of major sources controlling Groundwater Chemistry from a hard rock terrain: A case study from Mettur taluk, Salem district, Tamilnadu, India. Journal of Earth System Science, 117(1), 49–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao, N. (2002). Geochemistry of groundwater in parts of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Geology, 41, 552–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao, N., & Chaudhary, M. (2019). Hydrogeochemical processes regulating the spatial distribution of groundwater contamination, using pollution index of groundwater (PIG) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA): A case study. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao, N., Marghade, D., Dinakar, A., Chandana, I., Sunitha, B., Ravindra, B., et al. (2017). Geochemical characteristics and controlling factors of chemical composition of groundwater in a part of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76, 747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7093-8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao, N., Srihari, B., Spandana, D., Sravanthi, M., Kamalesh, T., Abraham Jayadeep, V., et al. (2019). Comprehensive understanding of groundwater quality and hydrogeochemistry for the sustainable development of suburban area of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Human and Ecological risk Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1571403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subramani, T., Anandakumar, S., Kannan, R., & Elango, L. (2013). Identification of major hydrogeochemical processes in a hard rock terrain by NETPATH modeling. Book on Earth Resources and Environment, 29, 365–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramani, T., Babu, S., & Elango, L. (2012). Computation of groundwater resources and recharge in Chithar River Basin, South India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(1), 983–994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2608-y.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramani, T., Elango, L., & Damodarasamy, S. R. (2005). Ground water quality and suitability for drinking and agricultural in Chithar river basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental Geology, 47, 1099–1110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramani, T., Rajmohan, N., & Elango, L. (2009). Groundwater geochemistry and identification of hydrogeochemical processes in a hard rock region, Southern India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 162(1–4), 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0781-4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunkari, E. D., & Abu, M. (2019). Hydrochemistry with special reference to fluoride contamination in groundwater of the Bongo district, Upper East Region. Ghana. Sustainable Water Resources Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-019-00335-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunkari, E. D., Abu, M., Bayowobie, P. S., & Dokuz, U. E. (2019). Hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality in the Ga west municipality, Ghana: Implication for domestic and irrigation purposes. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 8(2019), 501–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.02.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thilagavathi, N., Subramani, T., & Suresh, M. (2015). Land use/land cover change detection analysis in Salem chalk hills, South India using remote sensing and GIS. Disaster Advances, 8, 44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thilagavathi, N., Subramani, T., Suresh, M., & Ganapathy, C. (2014). Rainfall variation and groundwater fluctuation in Salem check hills area, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journals of Application or Innovation in Engineering and Management, 3(1), 148–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ugran, V., Desai, N. N., Chakraborti, D., Masali, K. A., Mantur, P., & Kulkarni, S. (2016). Groundwater fluoride contamination and its possible health implications in Indi taluk of Vijayapura District (Karnataka State), India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 39, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesan, G., Subramani, T., Sathya, U., & Karunanidhi, D. (2020a). Evaluation of chromium in vegetables and groundwater aptness for crops from an industrial (leather tanning) sector of South India. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00665-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesan, G., Subramani, T., Sathya, U., & Roy, P. D. (2020b). Seasonal changes in groundwater composition in an industrial center of South India and quality evaluation for consumption and health risk using geospatial methods. Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vikas, C., Kushwaha, R., Ahmad, W., Prasannakumar, V., & Reghunath, R. (2013). Genesis and geochemistry of high fluoride bearing groundwater from a semi-arid terrain of NW India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 68, 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1739-3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization-WHO. (2017). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Incorporating the first addendum (4th ed.). Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C., Wu, X., Qian, C., & Zhu, G. (2018). Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment of high fluoride levels in the Yanchi endorheic region, northwest China. Applied Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J., Li, P., & Qian, H. (2015). Hydrochemical characterization of drinking groundwater with special reference to fluoride in an arid area of China and the control of aquifer leakage on its concentrations. Environmental Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4018-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J., & Sun, Z. (2016). Evaluation of shallow groundwater contamination and associated human health risk in an alluvial plain impacted by agricultural and industrial activities, mid-west China. Exposure and Health, 8(3), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-015-0170-x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J., Zhou, H., He, S., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Comprehensive understanding of groundwater quality for domestic and agricultural purposes in terms of health risks in a coal mine area of the Ordos basin, north of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8471-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, Y. (1991). Criteria for evaluating fuzzy ranking methods. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 43(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(91)90073-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets inform. Control, 8(65), 338–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zango, M. S., Sunkari, E. D., Abu, M., & Lermi, A. (2019). Hydrogeochemical controls and human health risk assessment of groundwater fluoride and boron in the semi-arid North East region of Ghana. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 207, 106363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106363.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zare, M., & Koch, M. (2018). Groundwater level fluctuations simulation and prediction by ANFIS- and hybrid Wavelet-ANFIS/Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering models: Application to the Miandarband plain. Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 18, 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2017.11.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India (File. No: ECR/2017/000132 dated. 18.07.2017), for releasing required funds to execute this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, 641062, India

    D. Karunanidhi & P. Aravinthasamy

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, 440019, India

    M. Deepali

  3. Department of Geology, CEG, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    T. Subramani

  4. Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Main Campus, 51240, Niğde, Turkey

    Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari

Authors
  1. D. Karunanidhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Aravinthasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Deepali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. T. Subramani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Karunanidhi.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karunanidhi, D., Aravinthasamy, P., Deepali, M. et al. Appraisal of subsurface hydrogeochemical processes in a geologically heterogeneous semi-arid region of south India based on mass transfer and fuzzy comprehensive modeling. Environ Geochem Health 43, 1009–1028 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00676-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00676-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation