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Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to allelopathic effects of Conyza canadensis

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Abstract

The molecular mechanisms underlying allelopathy and their role in the interactions between invasive weeds and native species remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the physiological and molecular response of plant roots of a native species to allelopathy from an invasive weed. We examined the growth and development of roots of native Arabidopsis thaliana for a 2-week period after being treated with aqueous extracts at different concentrations from invasive Conyza canadensis. Extracts with higher concentration in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media (i.e., 4 mg of extract/mL of MS) significantly affected the root growth of A. thaliana. Roots of A. thaliana displayed weakened root tip activity and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to extracts from C. canadensis. The transcriptome analysis of A. thaliana roots exposed to phytotoxicity revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall formation, abiotic stress, transporter genes and signal transduction. We found that genes associated with nutrient transport, such as major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and amino acid permease (AAP3) transporters as well as genes involved in stress response, including leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) were down-regulated. In addition, we found that many transcription factors associated with plant stress (such as APETALA2/ethylene response factors) were up-regulated while others (e.g., zinc-finger proteins) were down-regulated. Allelochemicals from C. canadensis also induced the up-regulation of detoxification (DTX) genes, ROS related genes, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) and calmodulin. Overall, our findings provided insights into allelopathy in C. canadensis at the molecular level, and contributes to our understanding of invasion mechanisms of alien plant species.

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Data availability

The sequence data that support the findings of this study have been deposited in the CNSA (https://db.cngb.org/cnsa/) of CNGBdb with accession code CNP0000902.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770446, 32071521, 32001087), the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu (BK20211321), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (2021K160B and 2021K384C). We are very grateful to B. Zhu and G.Q. Ren for their comments on the manuscript, and Dr J. Bragg for advice on analyses. We also thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments enabled us to improve the manuscript.

Author contributions

Z.C. Dai, D.L. Du and H.Y. Zhang designed the research; H.Y. Zhang and S.S. Qi performed the experiments; H.Y. Zhang, and Z.C. Dai wrote the first draft; H.Y. Zhang, S. Rutherford, P. Huang, and Z.C. Dai reviewed the paper. S. Rutherford provided written and intellectual input, and edited all paper drafts.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Haiyan Zhang and Susan Rutherford

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China

    Haiyan Zhang, Susan Rutherford, Ping Huang, Zhicong Dai & Daolin Du

  2. Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Puqian Street 149, Changzhou, 213000, PR China

    Haiyan Zhang

  3. The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, MrsMacquaries Road, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia

    Susan Rutherford

  4. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China

    Shanshan Qi, Zhicong Dai & Daolin Du

  5. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China

    Daolin Du

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Zhang, H., Rutherford, S., Qi, S. et al. Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to allelopathic effects of Conyza canadensis. Ecotoxicology 31, 53–63 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02489-0

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