Abstract
Cadmium-tolerant plants were studied for their possible usage in phytoremediation techniques. However, their response to cadmium cations at a cellular level has not been properly studied. Silicon is a beneficial element that seems to change the plant’s response to the Cd2+ presence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Cd2+ tolerance patterns of poplar callus cells exposed to Cd+2 and/or Si over short and long cultivation periods. We determined the growth parameters of the callus, the growth dynamics, cell vitality, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The effects were studied over short (21 days) and long (63 days) cultivation periods. The most important result proved that the poplar callus tissue is able to build up a tolerance to Cd2+ after a longer cultivation period. On the 63rd day of the cultivation, Cd2+ stressed calli showed improvement in studied parameters and the callus cells accumulated Cd2+ more efficiently than on the 21st day. Supplementation with Si in higher concentrations (2.5 mM and 5 mM) heightened the Cd-tolerance potential of the tissue. The treatment of Cd2+, and Si in a 2.5 mM concentration was the most efficient variant for Cd2+ removal from medium. The activity of antioxidant enzymes showed that poplar callus cells effectively develop tolerance against Cd2+ after a longer cultivation period.
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Academy of Sciences VEGA No. 2/0105/18. The authors thank MSc. Matej Holek, for the graphical edit of Supplementary Fig. S1.
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This study was funded by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Academy of Sciences VEGA (contract No. 2/0105/18).
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EL and KK concepted and designed the study. EL, ZV, DK, DL and KK acquisited the data, analysed and interpretated the data. The critical revising of the manuscript for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be submitted were realised by EL and KK.
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Labancová, E., Vivodová, Z., Kučerová, D. et al. The cadmium tolerance development of poplar callus is influenced by silicon. Ecotoxicology 29, 987–1002 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02242-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02242-z