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Immunotoxic effects of triclosan in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum

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Abstract

The effects of Triclosan (TCS) on the immune parameters of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated after a 7-day exposure to sublethal TCS concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng l−1). Hemocytes from controls and exposed clams were collected, and the effects of TCS on total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyte diameter and volume, uptake of the vital dye Neutral Red (an indicator of pinocytosis), lysozyme activity, and proliferation were evaluated. The cytotoxicity, which was evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the capability of TCS to induce DNA fragmentation, which indicated apoptosis, were also investigated. The exposure of clams to all tested TCS concentrations significantly decreased THC, whereas the highest tested TCS concentration significantly reduced the diameter and volume of hemocytes. TCS negatively affected pinocytosis and the proliferation of hemocytes, but it did not alter hemocyte lysozyme activity. TCS exerted cytotoxic effects and induced DNA fragmentation in hemocytes of R. philippinarum. Overall, these results suggest a relationship between TCS exposure and changes in the measured immune parameters and indicate immunosuppression in TCS-treated clams.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the University of Padova to Dr. V. Matozzo. Research Project: Immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and estrogenicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in bivalve mollusks (University-funded research project 2009, CPDA095545).

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy

    Valerio Matozzo, Andrea Costa Devoti & Maria Gabriella Marin

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  1. Valerio Matozzo
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  2. Andrea Costa Devoti
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  3. Maria Gabriella Marin
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Correspondence to Valerio Matozzo.

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Matozzo, V., Costa Devoti, A. & Marin, M.G. Immunotoxic effects of triclosan in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum . Ecotoxicology 21, 66–74 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0766-2

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