Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Comparing the Effects of Protagonist Race on Preschoolers’ Engagement in Book Reading

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the current study, single case research methodology was used to examine whether preschool children’s engagement in book reading activities was greater when the protagonist in the book was of the same or different race as the child participant. Initiations, accurate responses to questions, passive engagement, teacher redirections, and child preference were measured. There was no functional relation demonstrating children’s engagement was greater when read books with protagonists of a corresponding race to the child. However, the non-experimental measure of preference demonstrated that children, when given an opportunity, more often chose books with a protagonist of the same race. Findings are discussed relative to the common recommendation in early childhood education to use diverse children’s books.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barlow, D. H., & Hayes, S. C. (1979). Alternating treatments design: One strategy for comparing the effects of two treatments in a single subject. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,12(2), 199–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barton, E. E., Lloyd, B. P., Spriggs, A. D., & Gast, D. L. (2018). In J. R. Ledford and D. L. Gast (Eds.), Single-case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences, (3rd ed., pp. 179-214). London: Routledge.

  • Betz, A., Higbee, T. S., & Reagon, K. A. (2008). Using joint activity schedules to promote peer engagement in preschoolers with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,41(2), 237–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bui, Y. N., & Fagan, Y. M. (2013). The effects of an integrated reading comprehension strategy: A culturally responsive teaching approach for fifth-grade students’ reading comprehension. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth,57(2), 59–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, T., Knezek, S. M., Quinn, M., Bingham, G. E., Girardeau, K., & Starks, F. (2016). What's on our bookshelves? The diversity of children's literature in early childhood classroom libraries. Journal of Children's Literature,42(2), 29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, L. K., Norris, J. A., & Hoffman, P. R. (2004). Training caregivers to facilitate communicative participation of preschool children with language impairment during storybook reading. Journal of Communication Disorders,37(2), 177–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derman-Sparks, L., & Edwards, J. O. (2010). Anti-bias education for young children and ourselves. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGennaro-Reed, F. D., Blackman, A. L., Erath, T. G., Brand, D., & Novak, M. D. (2018). Guidelines for using behavioral skills training to provide teacher support. Teaching Exceptional Children,50(6), 373–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, S. (2010). The role of multicultural literature intervention read-alouds on student perspectives toward diversity. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching,3(1), 92–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, C. W., Berliner, D. C., Filby, N. N., Marliave, R., Cahen, L. S., & Dishaw, M. M. (1980). Teacher behaviors, academic learning time, and student achievement: An overview. In C. Denham & A. Lieberman (Eds.), Time to learn. Washington, DC: US Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleury, V. P., Miramontez, S. H., Hudson, R. F., & Schwartz, I. S. (2014). Promoting active participation in book reading for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary study. Child Language Teaching and Therapy,30(3), 273–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frijters, J. C., Barron, R. W., & Brunello, M. (2000). Direct and mediated influences of home literacy and literacy interest on prereaders’ oral vocabulary and early written language skill. Journal of Educational Psychology,92(3), 466–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gage, N., Scott, T., Hirn, R., & MacSuga-Gage, A. (2018). The relationship between teachers’ implementation of classroom management practices and student behavior in elementary school. Behavioral Disorders,43(2), 302–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harlin, R., & Morgan, H. (2009). Review of research: Gender, racial and ethnic misrepresentation in children’s books: A comparative look. Childhood Education,85(3), 187–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock, J. H., Horner, R. H., Kratochwill, T. R., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M., et al. (2014). The What Works Clearinghouse single-case design pilot standards: Who will guard the guards? Remedial and Special Education,35(3), 145–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children,71(2), 165–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jolivette, K., Ennis, R. P., & Swoszowski, N. C. (2017). Education “what-ifs”: The feasibility of choice making in the classroom. Beyond Behavior,26(2), 74–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Justice, L. M., Chow, S., Capellini, C., Flanigan, K., & Colton, S. (2003). Emergent literacy intervention for vulnerable preschoolers: Relative effects of two approaches. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology,12(3), 320–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinzler, K. D., & Spelke, E. S. (2011). Do infants show social preferences for people differing in race? Cognition,119(1), 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koss, M. D. (2015). Diversity in contemporary picture books: A content analysis. Journal of Children's Literature,41(1), 32–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledford, J. R. (2018). No randomization? No problem: Experimental control and random assignment in single case research. American Journal of Evaluation,39(1), 71–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ledford, J. R., Lane, J. D., & Gast, D. L. (2018). Dependent variables, measurement, and reliability. In J. R. Ledford & D. L. Gast (Eds.), Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (3rd ed., pp. 97–132). London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. L., Lylo, B., Vostal, B., & Hua, Y. (2012). The effects of high-preference problems on the completion of nonpreferred mathematics problems. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,45(1), 223–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ling, S. M., & Barnett, D. W. (2013). Increasing preschool student engagement during group learning activities using a group contingency. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education,33(3), 186–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, K. M., Jolivette, K., & Ridgley, R. (2003). Choice making as an intervention strategy for young children. Young Exceptional Children,6(2), 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McWilliam, R. A., & Casey, A. M. (2008). Engagement of every child in the preschool classroom. Baltimore, MD: Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moody, A. K., Justice, L. M., & Cabell, S. Q. (2010). Electronic versus traditional storybooks; Relative influence on preschool children’s engagement and communication. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy,10(3), 294–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington, R. C., & Courtade, G. (2015). An examination of teacher and student behavior in classrooms for students with moderate and severe disability. Preventing School Failure,5(1), 40–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purnell, P. G., Ali, P., Begum, N., & Carter, M. (2007). Windows, bridges, and mirrors: Building culturally responsive early childhood classrooms through the integration of literacy and the arts. Early Childhood Education Journal,34(6), 419–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reyes, M. R., Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., White, M., & Salovey, P. (2012). Classroom emotional climate, student engagement, and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology,104(3), 700–712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rivas-Drake, D., Seaton, E. K., Markstrom, C., Quintana, S., Syed, M., Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group, et al. (2014). Ethnic and racial identity in adolescence: Implications for psychosocial, academic, and health outcomes. Child Development,85(1), 40–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toussaint, K. A., Kodak, T., & Vladescu, J. C. (2016). An evaluation of choice on instructional efficacy and individual preferences among children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,49(1), 170–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanless, S. B., & Crawford, P. A. (2016). Reading your way to a culturally responsive classroom. Young Children,71(2), 8–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolery, M., Gast, D. L., & Ledford, J. R. (2018). Comparative designs. In J. Ledford & D. Gast (Eds.), Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (3rd ed., pp. 283–334). London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Yanow, D. (2015). Constructing race and ethnicity in America: Category-making in public policy and administration. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jessica K. Hardy.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hardy, J.K., Pennington, R., Griffin, R. et al. Comparing the Effects of Protagonist Race on Preschoolers’ Engagement in Book Reading. Early Childhood Educ J 48, 781–791 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01043-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01043-7

Keywords

Navigation