Skip to main content
Log in

Children’s Critical Reflections on Gender and Beauty Through Responsive Play in the Classroom Context

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This qualitative, 8-month study analyzed first-grade children’s playful responses to literature in the classroom context. The broad purpose of this research was to investigate the ways that children construct meaning as they respond to literature through play as a form of reader response. The findings presented in this paper highlight the ways the children interpreted and reflected upon body image and ideals of beauty and the ways in which they enacted/performed gender and gender roles as they responded to literature through play. These findings suggest that, as critical readers of texts, children demonstrate great depth in their explorations and analyses of gender and beauty through their responsive play, that the potential for play as a form of reader response is immense, and that the intersection of responsive play and young children’s critical literacies requires further investigation, in and out of the classroom setting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adomat, D. S. (2009). Actively engaging with stories through drama: Portraits of two young readers. The Reading Teacher, 62, 628–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adomat, D. S. (2012). Becoming characters: Deepening young children’s literary understanding through drama. Journal of Children’s Literature, 38(1), 44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beach, R. (1993). A teacher’s introduction to reader-response theories. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaise, M. (2005). Playing it straight: Uncovering gender discourses in the early childhood classroom. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohan, J. S. (1997). Regarding gender: Essentialism, constructionism, and feminist psychology. In M. M. Gergen & S. N. Davis (Eds.), Toward a new psychology of gender: A reader (pp. 31–47). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminisms and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, C., & Weatherall, A. (2006). ‘No, we’re not playing families’: Membership categorization in children’s play. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 39(4), 441–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsaro, W. A. (2003). We’re friends, right? Inside kids’ culture. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, P., & Steinwert, T. (1998). Thin is good, fat is bad: How early does it begin? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19(3), 429–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, T. (2009). From romance to magical realism: The limits and possibilities of gay adolescent literature. Children’s Literature in Education, 40(4), 333–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, T., & Hiller, B. (2011). ‘Is this a boy or a girl?’: Rethinking sex-role representations in Caldecott Medal-winning picturebooks, 1938–2011. Children’s Literature in Education, 42(3), 196–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B. (1980). An analysis of primary school children's accounts of classroom interaction. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 1(3), 257–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B. (2003). Frogs and snails and feminist tales: Preschool children and gender. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., & Banks, C. (1992). The gender trap: A feminist poststructuralist analysis of primary school children's talk about gender. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 24(1), 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dávila, D. (2015). #WhoNeedsDiverseBooks?: Preservice teachers and religious neutrality with children’s literature. Research in the Teaching of English, 50(1), 60–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 1–17). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittmar, H., Halliwell, E., & Ive, S. (2006). Does Barbie make girls want to be thin? The effect of experimental exposure to images of dolls on the body image of 5- to 8-year old girls. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 283–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutro, E. (2003). “Us boys like to read football and boy stuff”: Reading masculinities, performing boyhood. Journal of Literacy Research, 34(4), 465–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A. H. (1989). Multiple worlds of child writers: Friends learning to write. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A. H. (1993). Social worlds of children learning to write in urban primary school. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A. H. (2001). Where are the childhoods in childhood literacy? An exploration in outer (school) space. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 1(1), 9–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A. H. (2003). The brothers and sisters learn to write: Popular literacies in childhood and school cultures. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, A. H., & Genishi, C. (2005). On the case: Approaches to language and literacy research. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmiston (Enciso), P. (1990). The nature of engagement in reading: Profiles of three fifth graders’ engagement strategies and stances (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Ohio State University database.

  • Edmiston, B. (1993). Going up the beanstalk: Discovering giant possibilities for responding to literature through drama. In R. Hungerford & K. Holland (Eds.), Journeying: Children responding to literature (pp. 250–266). Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. (2012). ‘This is me’: Developing literacy and a sense of self through play, talk and stories. Education 3–13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education, 4(3), 315–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feely, A. (2013). Picturing an alternate ending: Teaching feminism and social change with “The Paper Bag Princess”. The History Teacher, 46(4), 589–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint, T. K. (2018). Responsive play: Creating transformative classroom spaces through play as reader response. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798418763991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flint, T. K., & Adams, M. S. (2018). “It’s like playing, but learning”: Supporting early literacy development through responsive play with wordless picturebooks. Language Arts, 96(1), 21–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, J. P. (2012). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glesne, C. (2011). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, N., Moll, L. C., & Amanti, C. (2005). Funds of knowledge: Theorizing practices in households, communities, and classrooms. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2, 163–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (2009). What's happening to our girls?. New York: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilton, M. (1996). Manufacturing make-believe: Notes on the toy and media industry for children. In M. Hilton (Ed.), Potent fictions: Children’s literacy and the challenge of popular culture (pp. 31–58). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, R. S., & Power, B. M. (2003). The art of classroom inquiry, a handbook for teacher researchers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubler, A. E. (2000). Beyond the image: Adolescent girls, reading, and social reality. National Women’s Studies Association Journal, 12(1), 84–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiefer, B. Z. (1995). The potential of picturebooks: From visual literacy to aesthetic understanding. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, C., Enciso, P., & Moje, E. B. (2007). Reframing sociocultural research on literacy: Identity, agency, and power. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, M., Cheyney, M., & Teale, W. (1991). Classroom literature activities and kindergarteners’ dramatic story reenactments. In J. Christie (Ed.), Play and early literacy development (pp. 119–140). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattix, A., & Sobolak, M. J. (2014). Focus on elementary: The gender journey in picturebooks: A look back to move forward. Childhood Education, 90(3), 229–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, L., & Rand, M. (1991). Preparing the classroom environment to promote literacy during play. In J. Christie (Ed.), Play and early literacy development (pp. 41–165). Albany, NY: Statue University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Electronic Review, 66(1), 60–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nodelman, P. (1988). Words about pictures: The narrative art of children’s picturebooks. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nourot, P. M. (1998). Sociodramatic play: Pretending together. In D. P. Fromberg & D. Bergen (Eds.), Play from birth to twelve and beyond: Contexts, perspectives, and meanings (pp. 165–174). New York: Garland Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paetcher, C. (2003). Masculinities and femininities as community of practice. Women’s Studies International Forum, 26(1), 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paley, V. G. (2004). A child’s work: The importance of fantasy play. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pantaleo, S. (2008). Exploring student response to contemporary picturebooks. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1938). Literature as exploration. New York: Modern Language Association of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, L. M. (1978). The reader the text the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. Carbondale, IL: SIU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. W. (1998). The literate potentials of book-related dramatic play. Reading Research Quarterly, 33(1), 10–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. W. (2007). Bringing books to life: The role of book-related dramatic play in young children’s literacy learning. In K. Roskos & J. Christie (Eds.), Play and literacy in early childhood: Research from multiple perspectives (2nd ed.) (pp. 37–63). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatzman, L., & Strauss, A. (1973). Field research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedgwick, E. K. (1990). Epistemology of the closet. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sipe, L. R. (2008). Storytime: Young children’s literary understanding in the classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, S. R., & Kinchoe, J. L. (1997). Kinderculture: The corporate construction of childhood. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, B. (1993). Gender play: Girls and boys in school. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiggemann, M. (2001). Children’s body image: It starts sooner than you think. Virtually Healthy, 19, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trepanier-Street, M. L., & Romatowski, J. S. (1999). The influence of children’s literature on gender role perceptions: A reexamination. Early Childhood Education Journal, 26, 155–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vukelich, C. (1991). Learning about the functions of writing: The effects of three play interventions on children’s development and knowledge about writing. Paper presented at The 41st Annual Meeting of the National Reading Conference. Palm Springs, CA.

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedwick, L., & Latham, N. (2013). Socializing young readers: A content analysis of body size images in Caldecott Medal winners. Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts, 52(4), 332–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, G. (1986). The meaning makers: Children learning language and using language to learn. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwend, K. E. (2011). Playing their way into literacies: Reading, writing, and belonging in the early childhood classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwend, K. E. (2012). ‘Are you guys girls?’: Boys, identity texts, and Disney princess play. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 1(1), 3–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlwend, K. (2013). Play, literacies, and the converging cultures of childhood. In J. Larson & J. Marsh (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of early childhood literacy (pp. 80–110). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

Children’s Literature References

  • Munsch, R. N., Martchenko, M., & Dann, S. (1980). The paper bag princess. Toronto: Annick Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, K., & Ebbeler, J. (2013). Tiger in my soup. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Dr. Flint would like to thank the children who graciously shared their insightful reflections and thoughts throughout this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tori K. Flint.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Flint, T.K. Children’s Critical Reflections on Gender and Beauty Through Responsive Play in the Classroom Context. Early Childhood Educ J 48, 739–749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01039-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01039-3

Keywords

Navigation