Skip to main content
Log in

Teaching 5- and 6-Year-Olds to Count: Knowledge of South African Educators

  • Published:
Early Childhood Education Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mathematics learning and teaching continues to be a challenge in the South African education system. This challenge is observed in the poor performance of students in national and international assessments. Research suggests that teachers’ content knowledge and knowledge of teaching mathematics contribute significantly to students’ performance. In this paper, I explore educators’ understanding of counting concepts and how they go about teaching 5- and 6-year-old children to count. A questionnaire using scenarios was administered to 17 educators in the Eastern Cape to gauge their understanding of these areas. A qualitative analysis was conducted and this was followed by a thematic report. The findings of this study indicate that teacher knowledge for teaching counting is superficial. The building blocks that 5–6 year old students need to develop counting skills are not fully understood by educators. In addition, the educators demonstrated some understanding of the role of assessment in mediating learning but used assessment jargon without necessarily comprehending its meaning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, J., & Davis, Z. (2006). Opening another black box: Researching mathematics for teaching in mathematics teacher education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 37(4), 270–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, D. L., & Forzani, F. M. (2011). Building a common core for learning to teach, and connecting professional learning to practice. American Educator, 35(2), 17–21, 38–39.

  • Baroody, A. J., & Gatzke, M. R. (1991). The estimation of set size by potentially gifted kindergarten-age children. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 22(1), 59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clements, D. H. (1984). Supporting young children’s LOGO programming. The Computing Teacher, 11(5), 24–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, D. H. (1999). Geometric and spatial thinking in young children. In J. V. Copley (Ed.), Mathematics in the early years (pp. 109–205). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2009). Learning and teaching early math: The learning trajectories approach. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2014). Learning and teaching early math: The learning trajectories approach (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education. (2001). Education White Paper 5 on early childhood education: Meeting the challenge of early childhood development in South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feza, N. (2012a). Can we afford to wait any longer? Young children in pre-school are ready to learn mathematics. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2(2), 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feza, N. (2012b). Early childhood (0–4 yrs) practitioners’ views on how children learn mathematics. Journal of Modern Review of Education, 2(5), 272–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feza, N. (2013). Inequities and lack of professionalisation of early childhood development practice hinder opportunities for mathematics stimulation and realisation of South African policy on quality education for all. International Journal of Inclusive Education. doi:10.1080/14/13603116.2013.855266.

  • Feza, N., & Diko, N. (2013). Building on using the strengths of mathematics teacher education in South Africa. Global Research Journal on Mathematics and Science Education, 2(1), 34–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, L. (2012). Preschool should be child’s play. Mail and Guardian. Retrieved January 22, 2013, from http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-28-preschool-should-bechilds-play.

  • Kühne, C., O’Carroll, S., Comrie, B., & Hackman, R. (2013). Much more than counting: Supporting mathematics development between birth and five years. The Schools Development Unit (UCT) and Wordworks, Cape Town.

  • Reddy, V., Winnaar, L., Visser, M., Feza-Piyose, N., Arends, F., Prinsloo, C. H., et al. (2013). Highlights from TIMSS 2011, South Africa. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). Retrieved March 24, 2012, from http://www.hsrc.ac.za/uploads/pageContent/2929/TIMSSHighlights2012Dec7final.pdf.

  • Richter, L., Biersteker, L., Burns, J., Desmond, C., Feza, N., Harrison, D., et al. (2012). Diagnostic review of early childhood development. Commissioned by the Presidency.

  • South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA). (2015). National diploma: Early childhood development. Retrieved August 11, 2015, from http://allqs.saqa.org.za/showQualification.php?id=64650.

  • Schmidt, W. H., Cogan, L., & Houang, R. (2011). The role of opportunity to learn in teacher preparation: An international context. Journal of Teacher Education, 62, 138–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spaull. (2011). Learner preschool exposure and achievement in South Africa, Policy brief, 4 SACMEQ. Retrived January 11, 2012, from http://www.sacmeq.org.

  • Spaull, N., & Kotze, J. (2014). Starting behind and staying behind in South Africa: The case of insurmountable learning deficits in mathematics. Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers. Retrived December 5, 2014, from http://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/wpapers/2014/wp272014/wp-27-2014.pdf.

  • Starkey, P., & Cooper, R. G. (1995). The development of subitizing in young children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13, 399–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkat, H., & Spaull, N. (2015). What do we know about primary teachers’ mathematical content knowledge in South Africa? An analysis of SACMEQ, 2007. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 121–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, H. H. (2011). Understanding numbers in elementary school mathematics. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to acknowledge the support I receive from the National Science Foundation (NRF) in working with reception class educators. Without the funding provided to me by them I would not be able to make this contribution. I would also like to state that the work presented on this paper is my sole contribution alone.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nosisi N. Feza.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Feza, N.N. Teaching 5- and 6-Year-Olds to Count: Knowledge of South African Educators. Early Childhood Educ J 44, 483–489 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0736-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0736-z

Keywords

Navigation