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Functional diversity of fish assemblages across a latitudinal gradient in coral ecosystems of the Mexican Tropical Pacific

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Abstract

Fishes are relevant indicators of reefs’ conservation status due to the wide variety of functions they perform in the ecosystem. Natural and anthropogenic-induced threats are causing declines in biomass and diversity locally, with immediate effects on trophic structure and ecosystem function. This study evaluated the spatial variation of species richness and the alpha and beta functional diversity of fish assemblages across the Mexican Tropical Pacific (MTP). Visual fish censuses were performed in nine localities between 2012 and 2020. The results showed that species richness and functional diversity of the reef-associated fish assemblage vary at different spatial scales (local and regional), with the highest variability on the local scale. The functional richness and functional divergence presented high values in most localities. On their part, functional beta diversity among regions was low, with almost no functional turnover, while higher trait turnover was observed among localities. This study complements taxonomic diversity metrics by identifying differences due to local conditions, with human intervention as a critical factor. Therefore, it provides information tools that can help improve the management of marine communities subjected to distinct types and degrees of intervention in the MTP.

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All data can be available upon request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The first author thanks the CONAHCYT-Mexico postgrad scholarship (1138054). We thank the divers and boat captains for their support in obtaining field data, the database curators, and Erick Daniel Ruvalcaba Aroche for making the current map. This is a work carried out in collaboration between the academic bodies “Ecología y Biodiversidad (UDG-CA-888),” “Ecología de Comunidades Arrecifales (UDG-CA-942),” and “Ecosistemas Costeros (UAM-I-CA-7)”.

Funding

The project was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología granted to FARZ (CB 2015–257987) and ALP (236654) and the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad to ALP (HJ029, HJ026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Doctorado en Biosistemática, Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas (BEMARENA), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México

    Ubaldo Jarquín-Martínez

  2. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX), Departamento de Ecología Aplicada, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México

    Ubaldo Jarquín-Martínez, Eduardo Ríos-Jara & Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza

  3. Laboratorio de Arrecifes y Biodiversidad (ARBIOLAB), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, México

    Andrés López-Pérez

  4. Laboratorio de Ecología Marina (LEMAC), Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, México

    Amílcar L. Cupul-Magaña & Alma P. Rodríguez-Troncoso

  5. Departamento de Ecología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México

    Omar Valencia-Méndez

  6. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander Von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile

    Marco Ortiz

  7. Laboratorio de Modelamiento de Sistemas Ecológicos Complejos (LAMSEC), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile

    Marco Ortiz

  8. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México

    Claudia E. Moreno-Ortega

Authors
  1. Ubaldo Jarquín-Martínez
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  2. Andrés López-Pérez
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  3. Amílcar L. Cupul-Magaña
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  4. Omar Valencia-Méndez
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  5. Alma P. Rodríguez-Troncoso
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  6. Eduardo Ríos-Jara
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  7. Marco Ortiz
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  8. Claudia E. Moreno-Ortega
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  9. Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza
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UJM, ALP, and FARZ contributed to the study design and data analysis. FARZ, ALP, ALCM, and OVM contributed to field data collection. FARZ and ALP contributed to the financing of the project. APRT, ERJ, MO, CEMO, and the rest of the authors contributed to the previous revisions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza.

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Jarquín-Martínez, U., López-Pérez, A., Cupul-Magaña, A.L. et al. Functional diversity of fish assemblages across a latitudinal gradient in coral ecosystems of the Mexican Tropical Pacific. Environ Biol Fish (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-024-01538-x

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