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Can angler-assisted broodstock collection programs improve harvest rates of hatchery-produced steelhead?

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Abstract

Fish that exhibit high foraging activity or bold behavior can be particularly vulnerable to angling. If these traits are heritable, selection through harvest can drive phenotypic change, eventually rendering a target population less vulnerable to angling and consequently impacting the quality of the fishery. In this study, we used parental-based tags to investigate whether vulnerability to angling might be heritable in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawned at a hatchery in western Oregon, USA. We found modest evidence to support the hypothesis that vulnerability to angling is a heritable trait in steelhead. However, our data unexpectedly revealed that steelhead collected with in-river traps produced nearly twice as many adult offspring as steelhead collected by anglers. This difference in adult-to-adult production is explained in part through lower egg-to-fry survival of steelhead produced with angler-caught broodstock, possibly related to collection stress and greater time in captivity experienced by angler-caught broodstock. Our findings suggest that managers could improve broodstock fitness and program efficiencies by preferentially spawning fish collected with traps, and limiting use of broodstock collected by anglers. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms contributing to higher juvenile mortality of steelhead produced with angler-caught broodstock.

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Data Availability

Data from our study are available online (https://doi.org/10.17632/h8kpjtdgpr.2).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Alsea Sportsman’s Association for their contributions to the design and execution of this study. We are grateful for assistance from many Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) staff, particularly Matt Frank and Eric Hammonds, who oversaw spawning, genetic sampling, and data collection at the Alsea Hatchery. Jitesh Pattni and Paul Olmsted (both ODFW) contributed to the design and implementation of creel surveys, which were conducted by Will Shoeneck and Bill Sigler (both ODFW). We thank Erin Gilbert (ODFW) for producing the map in Fig. 1. We thank Kathleen O’Malley and Sandra Bohn (Oregon State University) for genotyping our samples. Chris Lorion (ODFW), Scott Patterson (ODFW), Melanie Davis (U.S. Geological Survey), and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that greatly improved our manuscript. This study would not have been realized without the encouragement, vision, and leadership of our friend and co-author, David L. G. Noakes. We dedicate this work in honor of his commitment to fisheries science in Oregon and around the world.

Funding

This work was supported in part through a grant from the ODFW Restoration and Enhancement Program.

All animals used in this study were handled in an ethical manner in accordance with Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife policies and as authorized by Oregon Administrative Rule 635-011-0066. The use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 4034 Fairview Industrial Drive SE, 97302, Salem, OR, USA

    Marc A. Johnson, Michelle K. Jones, Matthew R. Falcy, John Spangler & Ryan B. Couture

  2. Oregon Hatchery Research Center, 2457 Fall Creek Road, Alsea, OR, 97324, USA

    Marc A. Johnson, Ryan B. Couture & David L. G. Noakes

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Mail Stop 1141, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA

    Matthew R. Falcy

  4. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    David L. G. Noakes

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  1. Marc A. Johnson
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Johnson, M.A., Jones, M.K., Falcy, M.R. et al. Can angler-assisted broodstock collection programs improve harvest rates of hatchery-produced steelhead?. Environ Biol Fish 106, 1079–1092 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01401-5

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