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Exploitation-related reef fish species richness depletion in the epicenter of marine biodiversity

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Abstract

The central Visayan region of the Philippines historically has the highest concentration of coral reef fishes than any other large marine area in the world. This well-supported biogeographic phenomenon is contradicted by recent transect observations on coral reefs that indicates that the Visayan region and the southern Philippine Sea region have the lowest species richness in the Philippines. The Visayan region has unusually low counts of species typically exploited in fisheries and the aquarium trade. This evidence, coupled with numerous reports of intense fishing and habitat degradation and subsequent species declines at local scales suggests that this exploitation is having a cumulative effect on the overall species richness of the Visayan region. Successes in Marine Protected Areas in this region in increasing species richness at local scales suggests that improved management of these protected areas coupled with much more intensive fisheries management will be key to reviving a healthy biodiversity in the Visayas.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the following projects and programs that supported the fish data collection all over the country from 1991 to 2008: the Integrated Protected Areas System (IPAS) (1991) for the sites in Bongao, Sibutu, Sitangkai, and Turtle Islands all in Tawi-Tawi and Batanes; Department of Agriculture-Fisheries Sector Program (DA-FSP) (1992–94) for the sites in Calauag Bay, Ragay Gulf, and Lagonoy Gulf; Living Coastal Resources Project (LCR)-AusAID (1993) for the sites in northern Mindoro; Shell Philippines Exploration (SPEX) (1993) for the sites west coast of Palawan from Busuanga down to Malampaya Sound; University of the Philippines Mindanao (1995, 1997) for few sites in Davao Gulf and Pujada Bay; National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group (NCDDG) project (1995–2003) for the sites in Aurora, Antique, Cagayan, Camiguin Is, Masbate, Iloilo, North of Panay, Zamboanga del Norte, and Misamis Oriental; TenKnots, Incorporated (1996, 2000, 2002, 2004) and Conservation International (2002, 2004) for the sites in El Nido Bay, Palawan; International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (1996) for the sites in Bolinao, Pangasinan; Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council of Aquatic and Marine Research Development (DOST-PCAMRD) (1997–99) for the sites in Kalayaan Island Group and Tubbataha Reef, (2000–03) for the sites in the entire Pacific Seaboard from northern Cagayan to Davao Oriental; Coastal Resource Management Program (CRMP) of USAID (1997–98, 2003) for the sites in Sarangani Bay, Davao Gulf, Palawan, Negros Oriental, Bohol, and Cebu; Department of Agriculture-Fisheries Resource Management Project (DA-FRMP) (2001, 2004) for the sites in Davao Gulf and Honda Bay; Path Foundation (2004) for the sites in Busuanga, Culion, Agutaya, Dumaran, and Cuyo; Conservation International (CI) Philippines (2004) for the sites in Verde Island, Batangas; Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EGOGOV) of USAID (2003–04, 2005–08) for the sites in Sultan Kudarat, Aurora, Illana Bay, Zamboanga Sibugay Bay, Davao Gulf, Basilan, and Camotes Is.; Fisheries Improved Management for Sustainable Harvest (FISH) project of USAID (2004) for the sites in Culion, Palawan; Talibon, Bohol; Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Surigao Sur, and Surigao del Norte. We would like also to thank Ms. Li-Ann Nalangan and Mr. Vladimer Kobayashi for the assistance in the statistical analyses, to G. R. Allen for providing the maps to Conservation International and IUCN’s Global Marine Species Assessment that formed the basis for the data in Fig. 1, and to Jonnell Sanciangco for producing the map in Fig. 1. We also extend our thanks to the DOST-PCAMRD for the PhD scholarship of the senior author. Lastly, to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions for the improvement of the earlier version of the manuscript.

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  1. University of the Philippines Mindanao, Mintal, Tugbok District, Davao City, Philippines

    Cleto L. Nañola Jr.

  2. Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

    Cleto L. Nañola Jr. & Porfirio M. Aliño

  3. Biological Sciences and IUCN/Conservation International Global Marine Species Assessment, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Kent E. Carpenter

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  1. Cleto L. Nañola Jr.
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Nañola, C.L., Aliño, P.M. & Carpenter, K.E. Exploitation-related reef fish species richness depletion in the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Environ Biol Fish 90, 405–420 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9750-6

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